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the government has resigned

  • 1 gouvernement

    c black gouvernement [guvεʀnəmɑ̃]
    masculine noun
    ( = régime) government ; ( = ensemble des ministres) Cabinet
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ✎ Le mot anglais s'écrit avec o et non ou et n'a pas de e après le n.
    * * *
    guvɛʀnəmɑ̃
    nom masculin government
    * * *
    ɡuvɛʀnəmɑ̃ nm
    * * *
    gouvernement nm government; faire partie du or être au gouvernement to be a member of the government; le gouvernement Chirac the Chirac Government; sous un autre gouvernement under a different regime ou government.
    [guvɛrnəmɑ̃] nom masculin
    1. [régime] government
    2. [ensemble des ministres] Government

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > gouvernement

  • 2 regering

    1 [(het staatshoofd met) de ministers] government
    2 [uitoefening van overheidsgezag] government ⇒ administration, 〈 vorst〉 rule, 〈 vorst〉 reign
    3 [periode] government; reign 〈 vorst〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   de regering is afgetreden • the government has resigned
         een regering vormen • form a government
    2   de regering aanvaarden • assume office
         aan de regering komen • come to power 〈 partij〉; come into office 〈 ministers〉

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > regering

  • 3 de regering is afgetreden

    de regering is afgetreden

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > de regering is afgetreden

  • 4 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 5 cargo

    m.
    1 charge (cuidado).
    los niños han quedado a mi cargo the children have been left in my care
    estar a cargo de algo, tener algo a su cargo to be in charge of something
    me hago cargo de la difícil situación I am aware of o I realize the difficulty of the situation
    me da cargo de conciencia dejarle pagar I feel bad about letting him pay
    2 post, position (empleo).
    ocupa un cargo muy importante she holds a very important position o post
    cargo público public office
    3 charge (finance).
    con cargo a charged to
    correr a cargo de to be borne by
    hacerse cargo de to pay for
    formular graves cargos contra alguien to bring serious charges against somebody
    5 debit, fee, debit charge.
    6 freight, loading.
    7 office.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cargar.
    * * *
    1 (peso) load, weight
    2 (empleo) post, position
    3 (gobierno, custodia) charge, responsibility
    4 FINANZAS charge, debit
    5 DERECHO (falta) charge, accusation
    \
    correr a cargo de alguien to be the responsibility of somebody
    ■ el discurso de inauguración correrá a cargo del Sr. Torres Sr. Torres will make the opening speech
    desempeñar el cargo de / ocupar el cargo de to occupy the post of
    estar al cargo de to be in charge of
    hacerse cargo de (responsabilizarse de) to take charge of 2 (entender) to realize
    jurar el cargo to take an oath
    alto cargo top job, high-ranking position
    cargo de conciencia figurado weight on one's conscience
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) load, burden
    3) post, office
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=puesto) post

    ocupa el cargo de comisario europeo desde hace tres años — he has held the office o post of European Commissioner for three years

    • alto cargo — (=persona) top official, senior official; (=puesto) high-ranking position, top post

    ha dimitido un alto cargo directivo — a top o senior official has resigned

    • desempeñar un cargo — to hold a position

    • jurar el cargo — to be sworn in

    • poner el cargo a disposición de algn — euf to offer up one's post to sb

    cargo público — (=puesto) public office; (=persona) person in public office

    2)

    • a cargo de —

    a) (=responsable de) in charge of, responsible for
    b) (=bajo la responsabilidad de)

    "formación a cargo de la empresa" — "training will be provided"

    la clausura del festival estará a cargo de Plácido Domingo — Plácido Domingo will be the main attraction of the festival's closing ceremony

    las reparaciones correrán a cargo del dueño — the cost of repairs will be met by the owner, repairs will be paid for by the owner

    • tener algo a su cargo — to be in charge of sth, be responsible for sth

    3)

    • hacerse cargo de — (=encargarse) to take charge of; (=pagar) to pay for; (=entender) to realize

    cuando él murió, su hijo se hizo cargo del negocio — when he died, his son took charge of o took over the business

    me hago cargo de la importancia de estas conversaciones — I am aware of o realize how important these talks are

    -estamos pasando unos momentos difíciles -sí, ya me hago cargo — "we're going through difficult times" - "yes, I understand o realize"

    4) (Com) charge

    cargo por gestión — [de un billete electrónico] administration fee

    5) (Jur) charge

    cargo de conciencia, tengo cargo de conciencia por el tiempo perdido — I feel guilty about all that wasted time

    pliego, testigo 1., 1)
    6) Chile, Perú (=certificación) date stamp ( providing proof of when a document was submitted)
    * * *
    1) ( puesto) post, position (frml)
    2) (responsabilidad, cuidado)
    a)

    a cargo de alguien: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o (frml) charge; el negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the business; dejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of sales; tiene cuatro hijos a su cargo or (Col) a cargo he has four children to support; tiene a su cargo la división comercial — she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department

    b)
    c)

    correr a cargo de alguien: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company; la organización del concierto corre a mi cargo — I'm responsible for organizing the concert

    d)

    hacerse cargo de algo — ( hacerse responsable) de puesto/tarea to take charge of something; de gastos to take care of something; ( comprender) (Esp) to undertand something, to appreciate something

    3) (Com, Fin) charge

    con cargo a mi cuenta — to be debited against o charged to my account

    4) (Der) charge
    * * *
    1) ( puesto) post, position (frml)
    2) (responsabilidad, cuidado)
    a)

    a cargo de alguien: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o (frml) charge; el negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the business; dejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of sales; tiene cuatro hijos a su cargo or (Col) a cargo he has four children to support; tiene a su cargo la división comercial — she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department

    b)
    c)

    correr a cargo de alguien: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company; la organización del concierto corre a mi cargo — I'm responsible for organizing the concert

    d)

    hacerse cargo de algo — ( hacerse responsable) de puesto/tarea to take charge of something; de gastos to take care of something; ( comprender) (Esp) to undertand something, to appreciate something

    3) (Com, Fin) charge

    con cargo a mi cuenta — to be debited against o charged to my account

    4) (Der) charge
    * * *
    cargo1
    1 = officer, official, position, post, office, job title, incumbent.
    Nota: Nombre.

    Ex: Thus, sometimes the information does not reach those officers who would benefit most from access to it.

    Ex: See also reference tracings include related headings such as personal and corporate headings for officials, pseudonyms used as uniform headings, etc.
    Ex: He has held a variety of positions of increasing responsibility.
    Ex: The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy.
    Ex: Until Groome appeared, city officials were chosen not so much for their ability to administer the affairs of their offices as for who they knew; hence, old-style machine politics with its accompanying corruption found a congenial atmosphere in which to operate.
    Ex: The job title is designed to indicate the group (professional, associate, technician, or clerk) to which the job belongs and the level of the job within that grouping.
    Ex: This practice of having the former incumbent of the job train the new employee is risky, particularly if that departing employee has in any way been a problem.
    * alto cargo = senior post, senior manager, senior executive, high official, top manager, senior official.
    * alto cargo público = senior public official.
    * altos cargos = people in high office.
    * ascender a un cargo = rise to + position.
    * aspirar a un cargo = aspire to + position.
    * beneficios del cargo, los = spoils of office, the.
    * cargo de director = directorship.
    * cargo directivo = senior post, top official, senior position, managerial position, executive position, top position.
    * cargo ejecutivo = managerial position, executive position.
    * cargo ejecutivo del gobierno = government executive.
    * cargo ministerial = ministry official.
    * cargo oficial = officer.
    * cargo político = government official.
    * cargo público = public official, federal official, elected official, public office.
    * dejar un cargo = resign + office, step down from + Posesivo + position, leave + office.
    * dimitir de un cargo = step down from + Posesivo + position, stand down.
    * en el cargo = in the saddle, in office.
    * en virtud del cargo que ocupa = ex officio.
    * en virtud de su cargo = ex officio.
    * jurar un cargo = swear in.
    * ocupar el cargo = be in the position.
    * ocupar un cargo = hold + position.
    * ocupar un cargo de dirección = hold + a chair.
    * persona designada para un cargo = appointee.
    * prebendas del cargo, las = spoils of office, the.
    * relevar de un cargo = relieve of + duty.
    * renunciar a un cargo = step down from + Posesivo + position, stand down.
    * titular del cargo = incumbent.
    * tomar posesión de un cargo = swear in, take + office.

    cargo2

    Ex: The responsibility for manning the one telephone left at the disposal of a residue of callers fell to a single officer who had other duties to carry out to justify his keep.

    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * Algo a cargo de una sola persona = one-person operation.
    * bajo el cargo de = on charges of.
    * cargo de conciencia = guilty conscience.
    * con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.
    * con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.
    * correr a cargo de = be the responsibility of.
    * estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.
    * familiar a cargo = dependent.
    * hacerse cargo = take over, assume + role.
    * hacerse cargo de = take + charge of, take + Nombre + under + Posesivo + wings.
    * hacerse cargo de Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre), hold + the fort, hold + the fortress.
    * persona a cargo = dependent.
    * poner a Alguien al cargo de = put + Nombre + in charge of.
    * poner a cargo de = put in + charge of.
    * tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.
    * tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.

    cargo3
    3 = charge, indictment.

    Ex: No less prestigious an authority than a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.

    Ex: Enter indictments as instructed in rule 21.36C1.
    * absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.
    * cargos criminales = criminal charges.
    * formular cargos contra = bring + charges against.
    * formular cargos contra Alguien = press + charges.
    * libertad sin cargos = unconditional discharge.

    cargo4
    * culto al cargo = cargo cult.
    * nota de cargo = credit note.
    * * *
    A (puesto) position ( frml), post
    desempeña un cargo importante en la empresa he has o holds an important position in the firm
    tiene un cargo de mucha responsabilidad she has a very responsible job o post o position
    hoy toma posesión de su cargo he takes up his post o position today, he takes up office today
    alto1 (↑ alto (1))
    Compuesto:
    los que ostentan cargos públicos those who hold public office
    B (responsabilidad, cuidado)
    1
    a cargo de algn: los niños están a mi cargo the children are in my care o ( frml) charge
    un concierto a cargo de la Orquesta Nacional ( frml); a concert performed by the National Orchestra
    el negocio quedó a su cargo he was left in charge of the business
    dejé/puse las ventas a cargo de Luque I left/put Luque in charge of sales
    tiene cuatro hijos a su cargoor ( Col) a cargo he has four children to support
    tiene a su cargo la división comercial she is responsible for o in charge of the sales department
    2
    al cargo de algo in charge of sth
    quedó/lo pusieron al cargo del departamento he was left/they put him in charge of the department
    3
    correr a cargo de algn: los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company
    la organización del concierto corre a cargo de su ayudante her assistant is responsible for organizing the concert
    el papel principal corre a cargo de Fernando Arias the main part o the leading role is played by Fernando Arias
    4
    hacerse cargo de algo (hacerse responsable) ‹de un puesto/una tarea› to take charge of sth;
    ‹de gastos› to take care of sth; (entender) ( Esp) to be aware of sth
    ¿podría hacerse cargo de nuestra sucursal en Panamá? could you take charge of o head our branch in Panama?
    mi abuela se hizo cargo de mí my grandmother took care of me
    me hago cargo de la gravedad de la situación I am aware of the gravity of the situation
    es un problema difícil — sí, me hago cargo it's a difficult problem — yes, I realize that o I am aware of that
    Compuesto:
    no tengo ningún cargo de conciencia por no haber ido a visitarlo I don't feel at all guilty for not having been to visit him, I feel no remorse at not having been to visit him
    me da/quedó un cargo de conciencia horrible I feel/felt terribly guilty
    C ( Com, Fin) charge
    sin cargo adicional at no additional cost, at no extra charge
    sin cargo free of charge
    pidió unos cheques de viaje con cargo a su cuenta she ordered some traveler's checks to be debited against o charged to her account
    D ( Der) charge
    niega todos los cargos que se le imputan he denies all the charges against him
    * * *

     

    Del verbo cargar: ( conjugate cargar)

    cargo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    cargó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    cargar    
    cargo
    cargar ( conjugate cargar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹barco/avión/camión› to load;


    no cargues tanto el coche don't put so much in the car
    b) ‹pistola/escopeta› to load;

    ‹pluma/encendedor› to fill;
    ‹ cámara› to load, put a film in
    c) (Elec) to charge

    2

    b) ‹ combustible› to fuel;

    ◊ tengo que cargo nafta (RPl) I have to fill up with gasoline (AmE) o (BrE) petrol

    c) (Inf) to load

    3 ( de obligaciones) cargo a algn de algo to burden sb with sth;
    ◊ me cargoon la culpa they put o laid the blame on me

    4
    a) ‹paquetes/bolsas› to carry;

    ‹ niño› (AmL) to carry
    b) (AmL exc RPl) ‹ armas› to carry

    c) (Ven fam) ( llevar puesto) to wear;

    ( tener consigo):

    5 ( a una cuenta) to charge
    6 (Méx fam) ( matar) to kill
    verbo intransitivo
    1 cargo con algo ‹ con bulto› to carry sth;

    2 cargo contra algn [tropas/policía] to charge on o at sb
    3 [ batería] to charge
    4 (fam) ( fastidiar):

    cargarse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) [pilas/flash] to charge;

    [ partícula] to become charged
    b) cargose de algo ‹de bolsas/equipaje› to load oneself down with sth;

    ‹ de responsabilidades› to take on a lot of sth;
    ‹ de deudas› to saddle oneself with sth
    2
    a) (fam) ( matar) to kill

    b) (Esp fam) ‹ motor› to wreck;

    ‹ jarrón› to smash
    cargo sustantivo masculino
    1 ( puesto) post, position (frml);
    (de presidente, ministro) office;

    un cargo de responsabilidad a responsible job o post
    2 (responsabilidad, cuidado):

    estar a cargo de algo to be in charge of sth;
    los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa expenses will be paid o met by the company;
    hacerse cargo de algo ‹de puesto/tarea› to take charge of sth;

    ‹ de gastos› to take care of sth;

    3
    a) (Com, Fin) charge;


    b) (Der) charge

    cargar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to load: cargó al niño en brazos, she took the boy in her arms
    2 (un mechero, una pluma) to fill
    3 (poner carga eléctrica) to charge
    4 (atribuir algo negativo) cargar a alguien con las culpas, to put the blame on sb
    le cargan la responsabilidad a su padre, they put the blame on his father
    5 Com to charge: cárguelo a mi cuenta, charge it to my account
    6 familiar Educ to fail
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (soportar, hacerse cargo) to lumber [con, with]: carga con la casa y con la suegra, she has to do all the housework as well as having to take care of her mother-in-law
    figurado cargar con las consecuencias, to suffer the consequences
    2 (llevar un peso) to carry: siempre carga con lo más pesado, he always takes the heaviest
    3 (arremeter, atacar) to charge [contra, against]
    cargo sustantivo masculino
    1 (puesto) post, position
    2 (cuidado, responsabilidad) charge
    estar al cargo de, to be in charge of
    3 Jur charge, accusation
    4 Fin charge, debit 5 cargo de conciencia, weight on one's conscience, remorse
    ♦ Locuciones: correr a cargo de, (gastos) to be met by
    hacerse cargo de, to take charge of: en seguida se hizo cargo de mi situación, he understood my situation immediately
    ' cargo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acceder
    - acusación
    - adscribir
    - alcaldía
    - antecesor
    - antecesora
    - antigua
    - antiguo
    - candidata
    - candidato
    - candidatura
    - carga
    - cargar
    - cargamento
    - cargarse
    - censor
    - censora
    - cesar
    - consejería
    - correr
    - cuidada
    - cuidado
    - dimitir
    - dirección
    - disputarse
    - educación
    - flete
    - función
    - inhabilitar
    - jefatura
    - jurar
    - juramentar
    - lamentarse
    - minoritaria
    - minoritario
    - nombrar
    - ostentar
    - permanencia
    - poltrona
    - posesión
    - presentarse
    - pretendienta
    - pretendiente
    - regentar
    - rehabilitación
    - reintegrar
    - relevar
    - relumbrón
    - renuncia
    - renunciar
    English:
    appointment
    - assume
    - backbencher
    - band
    - bump off
    - by-election
    - cargo
    - charge
    - count
    - denial
    - deny
    - drop
    - ex
    - foreman
    - handle
    - impression
    - incitement
    - inflict
    - lay on
    - office
    - outrank
    - resign
    - set down
    - shed
    - stand down
    - succeed
    - toss about
    - toss around
    - vessel
    - back
    - commission
    - dean
    - debit
    - dependant
    - discharge
    - dock
    - extra
    - fly
    - front
    - handling
    - impeach
    - incumbent
    - land
    - landing
    - lay
    - load
    - meet
    - reinstate
    - relieve
    - seize
    * * *
    cargo nm
    1. [empleo] post, position;
    ocupa o [m5] es un cargo muy importante she holds a very important position o post;
    tomar posesión del cargo to take up office
    cargo directivo manager;
    cargo público: [m5] ostenta o [m5] es un cargo público she holds public office;
    varios cargos públicos se han visto involucrados en el escándalo several people holding public office have been implicated in the scandal
    2. [cuidado] charge;
    los niños han quedado a mi cargo the children have been left in my care;
    una producción a cargo del Teatro Nacional a National Theatre production;
    está a cargo de o [m5] tiene a su cargo la seguridad de la empresa he is in charge of o responsible for company security;
    hacerse cargo de [asumir el control de] to take charge of;
    [ocuparse de] to take care of; [comprender] to understand;
    se hizo cargo de la gestión de la empresa she took over the running of the company;
    el ejército se hizo cargo del poder the army took power o took over;
    no te preocupes, yo me hago cargo de los niños don't worry, I'll look after the children;
    me hago cargo de la difícil situación I am aware of o I realize the difficulty of the situation;
    tenemos que ir al entierro y llegaremos tarde – sí, me hago cargo we have to go to the funeral, so we'll be late – OK, I understand
    3. Econ charge;
    con cargo a charged to;
    correr a cargo de to be borne by;
    todos los gastos corren a cargo de la empresa all expenses will be borne by the company;
    la comida corre a cargo de la empresa the meal is on the company;
    la organización corre a cargo del Municipio the organization will be carried out by the town council, the town council will be organizing the event;
    sin cargo adicional for o at no extra charge
    4. [acusación] charge;
    formular graves cargos contra alguien to bring serious charges against sb;
    cargo de conciencia:
    tener cargo de conciencia to feel pangs of conscience, to feel remorse;
    me da cargo de conciencia dejarle pagar I feel bad about letting him pay;
    comprar productos de este país me representa un cargo de conciencia I feel guilty about buying this country's products
    5. [buque de carga] cargo ship, freighter
    * * *
    m
    1 position;
    alto cargo high-ranking position; persona high-ranking official;
    cargo ministerial ministerial post
    2 JUR charge
    3
    :
    a cargo de la madre in the mother’s care;
    tener algo a su cargo, estar a cargo de algo be in charge of sth;
    está a cargo de Gómez Gómez is in charge of it;
    hacerse cargo de algo take charge of sth;
    tomar a su cargo take charge of
    4 COM
    :
    con cargo a nosotros on our account
    5
    :
    me da cargo de conciencia it makes me feel guilty
    * * *
    cargo nm
    1) : burden, load
    2) : charge
    a cargo de: in charge of
    3) : position, office
    * * *
    1. (empleo) post
    2. (delito) charge
    hacerse cargo (encargarse de) to take charge of [pt. took; pp. taken] (comprender) to understand [pt. & pp. understood]

    Spanish-English dictionary > cargo

  • 6 resign

    1. I
    the government (the Prime Minister, the Minister of Education, etc.) has resigned правительство и т.д. ушло в отставку; he resigned a) он ушел с работы /бросил работать/; б) он подал в отставку
    2. II
    resign in some manner resign suddenly (reluctantly, nominally, officially, etc.) неожиданно /внезапно/ и т.д. уходить в отставку; he resigned voluntarily он ушел по собственному желанию
    3. III
    resign smth.
    1) resign office /a post, a position/ отказаться от должности; resign a position of trust отказаться от ответственного положения; resign one's job /one's position/ уходить с работы /с должности/; resign one's charge (one's task, one's duties, etc.) слагать с себя обязанности и т.д.; resign one's commission mil, подать в отставку
    2) resign a claim (all claims, all pretensions, rights, property, etc.) отказаться от требования /от претензии/ и т.д.
    3) resign all hope оставлять всякую надежду; resign one's expectations отказываться от своих надежд
    4. XI
    be resigned to smth. be resigned to the situation (to one's fate, etc.) примириться с положением дел и т.д.
    5. XVI
    1) resign from smth. resign from the Cabinet (from the chairmanship of a committee, etc.) выйти из состава правительства и т.д., resign from public life оставлять общественную деятельность; the man resigned from his job because of illness этот человек ушел с работы из-за болезни
    2) resign to smth. resign to the inevitability of death (to smth. as predestination, etc.) примириться с неизбежностью смерти и т.д.
    6. XVIII
    1) resign oneself to smth. resign oneself to fate (to one's fate, to the decrees of fate, to Heaven's will, to the inevitable, etc.) примириться с судьбой и т.д.; resign oneself to smb.'s direction (to another's guidance, to smb.'s care, to his judgement, etc.) подчиниться чьему-л. руководству и т.д.; resign oneself to a solitary life (to the performance of a disagreeable duty, etc.) примириться /смириться/ с одинокой жизнью и т.д.; resign oneself to doing smth. I'll have to resign myself to being alone while you are away мне придется примириться со своим одиночеством, пока вас здесь не будет; the poor boy resigned himself to passing the night under the stars бедный мальчик смирился с тем, что ему придется провести ночь под открытым небом; we must resign ourselves to doing without his help for a time нам нужно примириться с тем, что некоторое время придется обходиться без его помощи
    2) resign oneself to smth. resign oneself to sleep погрузиться в сон; resign oneself to meditation (to rest, to pity, etc.) предаться размышлениям и т.д.; she resigned herself entirely to his will она полностью подчинилась его воле
    7. XXI1
    1) resign smth. in favour of smb. resign office in favour of the younger man отказаться от должности в пользу более молодого человека; resign smth. on (in) smth. he resigned his position on the school paper (on the Board, in the University, etc.) он отказался от своей должности в школьной газете и т.д.
    2) resign smth., smb. (in)to smb., smth. book. resign one's duties (one's post, etc.) to smb. передавать свои обязанности и т.д. другому; I resign my children to your care я оставляю своих детей на ваше попечение; he resigned his seat to a lady он уступал /передал/ свое место даме; resign one's duties into smb.'s [more capable /able/] hands передавать свои обязанности в чьи-л. [более надежные] руки
    3) resign smth. to smth. resign one's mind to smth. свыкнуться с мыслью о чем-л.; resign one's mind to one's fate примириться с судьбой; I do not willingly resign my mind to the idea of failure я неохотно примиряюсь /свыкаюсь/ с мыслью о неудаче
    8. XXIV1
    resign smth. as smb. resign one's post as headmaster отказаться от должности директора школы; resign one's position as a secretary of the club уходить с должности секретаря клуба

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > resign

  • 7 no

    adv.
    1 not.
    no sé I don't know
    no es fácil it's not easy, it isn't easy
    no tiene dinero he has no money, he hasn't got any money
    no veo nada I can't see anything
    todavía no not yet
    ¿has oído las noticias? — no have you heard the news? — no o no, I haven't
    ¿aprobó? — no did she pass? — no o no, she didn't
    ¿comen juntos? -- no siempre do they go for lunch together? -- not always
    no fumadores non-smokers
    2 no, not.
    intj.
    no, nah, no way, nay.
    m.
    no.
    * * *
    NO
    1 ( nordoeste) northwest; (símbolo) NW
    * * *
    adv.
    1) no, not
    2) non
    * * *
    ABR
    = noroeste NW
    * * *
    (= noroeste) NW
    * * *
    = by no means, NOT, nay, no, not.
    Nota: Negación usada con verbos; para los nombres, véase no.
    Ex. However, UDC is by no means always applied to this degree of detail in libraries.
    Ex. The Boolean logic operator NOT excludes records containing a particular word.
    Ex. Said another timidly, nay, sheepishly: 'You can see we need help, can't you Mr. Bibeau?'.
    Ex. In either case, the patient keys in the responses, which may be as simple as 'yes' or 'no'.
    Ex. The Boolean logic operator not excludes records containing a particular word.
    ----
    * alfabeto no romano = non-Roman alphabet.
    * aún no nacido = unborn.
    * aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * catalogación no automatizada = non-computerised cataloguing.
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?.
    * ¡Dios no lo quiera! = God forbid.
    * documento recuperado no pertinente = false drop.
    * el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees.
    * el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.
    * encabezamiento no admitido = non-approved heading.
    * encabezamiento no específico = non-specific heading.
    * esto no quiere decir que = this is not to say that.
    * evaluación no intrusiva = unobtrusive evaluation.
    * información no codificada = non-coded information.
    * lo creas o no = believe it or not.
    * material no devuelto = non-return.
    * material no impreso = non-print [nonprint], non-print media.
    * modo no interactivo = non-interactive mode.
    * ¿no? = do you?, do you?.
    * no {predisponer} en contra = stay on + the right side of.
    * no abandonar = stick with, stand by.
    * no abrasivo = non-abrasive.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no académico = non-academic.
    * no acentuado = unaccented.
    * no aceptar = disavow.
    * no aceptarse = go by + the board.
    * no aceptar un no por respuesta = not take + no for an answer.
    * no acercarse a = steer + clear of, stay away from, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * no acercarse a Algo ni muerto = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no ácido = acid-free.
    * no acostumbrado a = unfamiliar with.
    * no actual = non-current.
    * no actuando en capacidad de autor = non-authorial.
    * no actuar como se debe = be remiss.
    * no actuar correctamente = be remiss.
    * no actuar debidamente = be remiss.
    * no acudir = stay away.
    * no acuoso = non-aqueous.
    * no admitir discusión = be out of the question.
    * no adosado = detached.
    * no afectado = unaffected.
    * no afectar = be immune against, leave + unaffected.
    * no afiliado = unaffiliated.
    * no afín = nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no agobiarse = take + Posesivo + time.
    * no agravante = non-exacerbating.
    * no agrupado = unclustered.
    * no aguantar más = have had enough.
    * no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.
    * no alcanzar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no alergénico = non-allergenic.
    * no alfabetizado = non-literate.
    * no amante de la literatura = non-literary.
    * no americano = non-US, un-American.
    * no amortizable = irredeemable.
    * no analizado = unexamined.
    * no anclado = unanchored.
    * no andar con reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no andar con tapujos = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no andar en nada bueno = be up to no good, get up to + no good.
    * no andar muy equivocado = be in the right realm.
    * no andarse con rodeos = call + a spade a spade.
    * no antes de = no sooner than.
    * no añorar el pasado = never + look back.
    * no aparecer = be not included.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * no aprovechar Algo lo suficiente = under-exploit [underexploit].
    * no aprovechar el potencial = fall (far) short of + potential, fall (far) behind + potential.
    * no apto para menores = X-rated.
    * no arrepentirse = not look back, never + look back.
    * no arriesgarse = play it + safe.
    * no asignado = unallocated, unassigned.
    * no asistencia = non-attendance.
    * no asistente = non-attender [nonattender].
    * no asistir = stay away.
    * no atendido = unsatisfied.
    * no atreverse a = flinch at/from, have + no stomach for.
    * no atreverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * no auténtico = unauthentic.
    * no autorizado = unauthorised [unauthorized, -USA], unapproved.
    * no avanzar = tread + water.
    * no avanzar más = go + no further.
    * no bajarse del burro = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * no bastar = not be good enough.
    * no bibliográfico = non-book [nonbook], non-bibliographic, non-bibliographical.
    * no bibliotecario = non-librarian.
    * no británico = non-UK.
    * no buscarle las pulgas al perro = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no cabe ni un alfiler = no room to swing a cat.
    * no caber en sí de alegría = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.
    * no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.
    * no canjeable = irredeemable.
    * no cantante = nonsinger.
    * no cantes victoria antes de tiempo = don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
    * no captar la idea = miss + the point.
    * no ceder = stand + Posesivo + ground, put + Posesivo + foot down.
    * no ceder a las presiones = withstand + pressure.
    * no ceder terreno = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * no centrado = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * no científico = unscientific.
    * no cobrado = uncollected.
    * no codificado = non-coded.
    * no coercitivo = non-coercive.
    * no coger Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no coger por sorpresa = come as + no surprise.
    * no coincidente = ill matched.
    * no colar = Negativo + hold + water.
    * no comentado = unannotated.
    * no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].
    * no compatible = non-compatible.
    * no compensatorio = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * no comprender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no comprobado = untested.
    * no comprometido = uncommitted.
    * no concebirse desde ningún punto de vista = be impossible under any hypothesis.
    * no concentrado = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.
    * no concordar con = be at odds with.
    * no conducir a nada = be exercises in + futility.
    * no conductual = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no confirmado = unsubstantiated.
    * no conformarse con un no = not take + no for an answer.
    * no conmovedor = unmoving.
    * no conocer a Alguien de nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conocer a Alguien para nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conseguir nada = achieve + nothing.
    * no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.
    * no considerarse parte de = hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * no consumible = nonconsumptive.
    * no consumidor = nonconsumptive.
    * no contagioso = non-contagious.
    * no contaminado = untainted, uncontaminated.
    * no contar = be out of the picture.
    * no contar con = leave + Nombre + out of the picture, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.
    * no contar con la aprobación = frown on/upon.
    * no contencioso = non-contentious.
    * no convencional = non-conventional.
    * no convexo = nonconvex [non-convex].
    * no corregido = uncorrected.
    * no correlativo = non-consecutive.
    * no correr prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * no corroborado = unsubstantiated.
    * no creerse Algo al pie de la letra = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no crítico = non-critical.
    * no cualificado = unskilled.
    * no cuestionarse la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspend + disbelief.
    * no cumplido = unfulfilled, unrealised [unrealized, -USA].
    * no cumplir = fall + short of, welsh on.
    * no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.
    * no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.
    * no cumplir las expectativas = fall + short of expectations.
    * no cumplir lo esperado = fall + short of expectations.
    * no cumplir lo prometido = fall + short of + Posesivo + promise.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * no cumplir un objetivo = fall + short of goal.
    * no cumplir unos criterios = fall (far) short of + criteria.
    * no cumplir unos requisitos = fall + short of requirements.
    * no cursar una asignatura = skip + grades.
    * no dar crédito a = disbelief.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + oídos = not believe + Posesivo + ears.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + ojos = not believe + Posesivo + eyes.
    * no dar fruto = come to + nothing.
    * no darle demasiada importancia a Algo = think + little of.
    * no darle demasiada importancia a + Infinitivo = think + nothing of + Gerundio.
    * no darle importancia a = think + very little about/of.
    * no dar más de sí = stretch + Nombre + to the limit, overstretch.
    * no dar ningún resultado = give + zero results, be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * no darse cuenta de = sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.
    * no darse de cuenta de = be blind to.
    * no darse por vencido fácilmente = not take + no for an answer.
    * no dar una impresión clara = send + mixed signals.
    * no debemos + Infinitivo = let us not + Infinitivo.
    * no deber nada = pay + Posesivo + dues.
    * no + deber + sorprender que = it + be + not surprising that.
    * no debes juzgar un libro por el color de sus pastas = don't judge a book by its cover, don't judge a book by its cover.
    * no debidamente reconocido = unsung.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * no decir nada = keep + quiet.
    * no decir nada a nadie = lips + seal.
    * no decir nada nuevo = much ado about nothing.
    * no decir palabrotas = watch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * no de comportamiento = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no de conducta = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no decreciente = non-decreasing.
    * no dedicado a la investigación = non-research.
    * no definido = unstated.
    * no definirse = sit on + the fence.
    * no dejar a nadie fuera = inclusivity.
    * no dejar de enviar + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * no dejar de mandar + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * no dejar duda = leave + little doubt.
    * no dejar entrar = turn + Nombre + away, keep out.
    * no dejar ninguna duda = leave + no doubt.
    * no dejar ni un cabo suelto = tie up + all the loose ends.
    * no dejar pasar = keep out.
    * no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.
    * no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.
    * no deliberado = unintentional.
    * no del todo maduro = underripe.
    * no democrático = undemocratic.
    * no desanimarse = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * no descansar en + Posesivo + tumba = spin + in + Posesivo + grave.
    * no descriptor = non-descriptor.
    * no deseado = unwanted, undesired, uninvited.
    * no desfallecer = keep up.
    * no desgastarse fácilmente = wear + well.
    * no desglosable = unbreakable.
    * no desmerecer = compare + favourably.
    * no destructivo = non-destructive.
    * no desvelar + Posesivo + identidad = protect + Posesivo + identity.
    * no determinista = nondeterministic [non-deterministic].
    * no devolverse = be non-refundable.
    * no diferenciador = nondistinctive.
    * no diferenciarse de = be nothing short of.
    * no digno de confianza = untrustworthy.
    * no discapacitado = able-bodied.
    * no disciplinario = impunitive.
    * no discriminatorio con respecto al sexo = gender neutral.
    * no disponible = not applicable [N/A].
    * no disponible para el préstamo = not-loanable.
    * no dispuesto = unprepared.
    * no distinguir entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....
    * no distintivo = nondistinctive.
    * no distribuido = undelivered, undelivered.
    * no docente = non-teaching.
    * no económico = non-economic [noneconomic].
    * no educativo = non-teaching, non-educational.
    * no efímero = non-volatile [nonvolatile].
    * no eléctrico = nonelectrical [non-electrical].
    * no encontrar nada + Adjetivo = find far from + Adjetivo.
    * no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no encontrar palabras = be at a loss for words, be lost for words.
    * no en inglés = non-English.
    * no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.
    * no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no entendido por la materia = outsider.
    * no entregado = undelivered.
    * no envío = non-shipment.
    * no epiléptico = non-epileptic.
    * no es asombroso que = not surprisingly, unsurprisingly.
    * no escatimar = unstinting.
    * no escatimar dinero = lavish + money.
    * no escatimar gastos = go to + town on, lash out (on).
    * no escrito = unwritten.
    * no es de extrañar que = no wonder that, small wonder that.
    * no es de sorprender que = not surprisingly, unsurprisingly.
    * no esencial = non-essential [nonessential].
    * no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).
    * no especialista = non-expert [nonexpert].
    * no especializado = broader-based.
    * no especificar = leave + undefined.
    * no está claro todavía = the jury is still out (on).
    * no esta disponible = be down.
    * no estándar = non-standard [nonstandard].
    * no estar + Adjetivo + en absoluto = be far from + Adjetivo.
    * no estar a la altura de las expectativas = fall below + expectations.
    * no estar a la altura de lo que se espera = fall below + expectations, be below par, be under par.
    * no estar al tanto de = be out of touch with.
    * no estar bien equilibrado = skew.
    * no estar contento = be unhappy.
    * no estar convencido = be dubious.
    * no estar coordinado con = be out of step with.
    * no estar de acuerdo = be at variance, disagree, beg to differ.
    * no estar de acuerdo (con) = disapprove (of).
    * no estar de acuerdo con la idea de = disapprove of + the idea of.
    * no estar de suerte = be out of luck.
    * no estar deteriorado = unimpaired.
    * no estar disponible = be unavailable.
    * no estar dispuesto a = be unwilling to, be negatively disposed to.
    * no estar documentado = be undocumented.
    * no estar en condiciones de = be unfit for.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * no estar en funcionamiento = be down.
    * no estar en plenitud de facultades = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * no estar en + Posesivo + cabales = insane.
    * no estar en sintonía con = be out of step with.
    * no estar expuesto al público = be out of the public eye.
    * no estar familiarizado con = be unfamiliar with.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no estar incluido = be not included.
    * no estar muy católico = feel + bad.
    * no estar muy lejos de = be just one step away from.
    * no estar nada + Adjetivo = be anything but + Adjetivo.
    * no estar nunca satisfecho = enough + be + not/never + enough.
    * no estar presente en = be absent (from).
    * no estar relacionado con = be unrelated to.
    * no estar seguro = be uncertain.
    * no estar seguro de = be unsure about/of.
    * no estar utilizable = be down.
    * no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.
    * no es un misterio = not (exactly) rocket science.
    * no exacerbado = non-exacerbating.
    * no examinado = unexamined.
    * no exclusivo = non-exclusive.
    * no excluyente = inclusive, socially-inclusive.
    * no existe = not applicable [N/A].
    * no existir = be out of the picture.
    * no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as, there + be + no such thing as.
    * no existir límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no experto = non-expert [nonexpert].
    * no explorado = unexplored.
    * no explosivo = non-explosive.
    * no expresado = unspoken, unstated.
    * no expuesto a la luz = unexposed.
    * no falla = reliable.
    * no faltar el respeto = be civil towards.
    * no familiarizado con = unfamiliar with.
    * no ferroso = non-ferrous [nonferrous].
    * no fibroso = non-fibrous.
    * no figurar = be not included.
    * no fijado = non-net.
    * no fructificar = come to + nothing.
    * no fumador = non-smoker, non-smoking.
    * no funcionar = be out of order.
    * no funcionario = untenured, non-tenured.
    * no + Futuro = won't [will not].
    * no ganado = unearned.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * no gubernamental = non-government, non-governmental [nongovernmental].
    * no gustar = have + a dislike for, dislike, be uncomfortable + Gerundio, be uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable + Gerundio.
    * no haber = be unavailable.
    * no haber consecuencias = nothing + come of.
    * no + haber + dos + Nombre que = no two + Nombre.
    * no haber duda de que = there + be + no doubt that.
    * no haber duda (que) = there + be + no question (that).
    * no haber forma de = there + be + no way.
    * no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.
    * no haber límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no haber llegado todavía = be yet to come.
    * no haber manera de = there + be + no way.
    * no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.
    * no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.
    * no + haber + nada malo en = there + be + nothing wrong in/with.
    * no haber palabras para describirlo = beggar + description.
    * no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.
    * no haber prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * no haber problemas = be fine.
    * no haber señal de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no habiendo = in the absence of.
    * no hace falta decir que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * no hacer Algo ni muerto = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no hacer Algo por cobardía = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).
    * no hacer Algo por miedo = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).
    * no hacer caso = brush aside.
    * no hacer caso a = turn + Posesivo + back on.
    * no hacer caso de = slight.
    * no hacer los deberes = be asleep at the wheel.
    * no hacer más que = do + no more than.
    * no hacer nada = vegetate, veg out.
    * no hacer nada al respecto = leave + unchecked.
    * no hacer nada de particular = do + nothing in particular.
    * no hacer ninguna gracia = not take + kindly to.
    * no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.
    * no hacer otra cosa que = do + nothing but.
    * no hacer sino = do + no more than.
    * no hay = there ain't [there aren't/isn't].
    * no hay dos sin tres = things + come in threes.
    * no hay duda de que = undoubtedly.
    * no hay escapatoria = needs must when the devil drives.
    * no hay forma de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay límite(s) = the sky is the limit.
    * no hay mal que por bien no venga = every cloud has a silver lining, be a blessing in disguise, to every cloud, there is a silver lining.
    * no hay manera de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay más remedio = needs must when the devil drives.
    * no hay modo de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay nada como = nothing beats....
    * no hay nada imposible = all bets are off.
    * no hay nada mejor que = nothing beats....
    * no hay nada oculto = what you see is what you get.
    * no hay + Nombre + que sean = no + Nombre + be.
    * no higroscópico = non-hygroscopic.
    * no hindú = non-Hindu.
    * no homosexual = straight man.
    * no humano = non-human [nonhuman].
    * no hurgar en la herida = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no idéntico = non-identical.
    * no identificado = unnamed.
    * no idoneidad = unsuitability.
    * no impacientarse con = bear with + Pronombre.
    * no importa = never mind, regardless of, whatever.
    * no importa + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que seaAdjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * no importa cómo = no matter how.
    * no importa lo + Adjetivo + que + Subjuntivo = no matter how + Adjetivo.
    * no importa lo bien = no matter how well.
    * No importa lo que se conoce, sino a quién se conoce = It's not what you know, but who you know.
    * no importa qué = whatever.
    * no importar = be all right with + Persona, make + no difference, cope with.
    * no importar Algo a Alguien = think + little of.
    * no importar en absoluto = have + no qualms about.
    * no importar + Infinitivo = think + nothing of + Gerundio.
    * no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.
    * no importar lo que + pensar de = whatever + Pronombre + make of.
    * no importar nada = not give a damn, not give a shit, not give a fuck.
    * no importa si... o = no matter whether... or.
    * no impreso = unprinted.
    * no incluido = unlisted.
    * no incluye = exclusive of.
    * no indicado = unstated.
    * no + Indicativo = fail to + Infinitivo.
    * no + Infinitivo = failure to + Infinitivo.
    * no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.
    * no ingresado = unearned.
    * no inmiscuirse en = remain + uninvolved in, stay away from.
    * no inmutarse = not bat an eyelid, not bat an eyelash, keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * no inscripción = non-registration.
    * no intencional = non-intentional.
    * no interactivo = non-interactive.
    * no interesar = can't/couldn't be bothered.
    * no intervencionista = hands-off, isolationist.
    * no intrusivo = nonobtrusive.
    * no invasivo = noninvasive [non-invasive].
    * no invitado = uninvited.
    * no invitados, los = uninvited, the.
    * no involucrado = uninvolved.
    * no jerárquico = non-hierarchical.
    * no lector = non-reader [nonreader].
    * no letal = non-lethal.
    * no levantarse hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.
    * no librario = non-book [nonbook].
    * no lineal = nonlinear [non-linear].
    * no linealidad = nonlinearity [no-linearity].
    * no listo = unready.
    * no literario = unliterary, non-literary.
    * no llegar a = stop + short of, fall + short of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * no llegar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no llegar a un ideal = fall + short of ideal.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing, go + nowhere.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, flog + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no llevar a ningún sitio = go + nowhere.
    * no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.
    * no lo dudes = take it from me.
    * no lucrativo = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.
    * no manifiesto = undeclared.
    * no MARC = non-MARC.
    * no más que = in any more than.
    * no materializarse = fall through.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no médico = non-clinical.
    * no merecer la pena = be no good.
    * no merecerse Algo = be unworthy of.
    * no meterse en líos = keep out of + trouble.
    * no meterse en problemas = keep out of + trouble.
    * no miel sin hiel = no pain, no gain.
    * no miembro = non-member [nonmember].
    * no militar = nonmilitary.
    * no monográfico = non-monographic.
    * no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * no moverse = stay + put.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no musical = non-musical.
    * no muy acertado = wide of the mark.
    * no muy apropiado = wide of the mark.
    * no muy bien informado = not-too-well-informed.
    * no muy despierto = slow.
    * no muy lejos = within easy travelling distance, not far behind, not far off, not far away, not far, not too far.
    * no muy listos, los = none-too-bright, the.
    * no nacido = unborn.
    * no necesitar mantenimiento = maintenance-free.
    * no nombrado = unnamed.
    * no nórdico = non-Nordic.
    * no obstaculizar = be out of the way of.
    * no obstante = albeit (that), however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, notwithstanding, none the less, though, that being said, all this said, when all is said and done.
    * no occidental = non-Western.
    * no ocultar las preferencias de Uno sobre Algo = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no oficial = non-government.
    * no olvidar = bear in + mind, be aware of.
    * no ordenado = unsorted.
    * no orgánico = non-organic.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no parecer que = there + be + no sign of, there + be + little sign of.
    * no parecerse en nada a = be nothing like.
    * no parecerse ni por asomo = different as night and day.
    * no parecer Uno Mismo = be out of character.
    * no participar = be out of the picture.
    * no participar en = be uninvolved in, remain + uninvolved in.
    * no partidista = non-partisan [nonpartisan].
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no patentado = non-proprietary.
    * no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.
    * no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.
    * no pensar más en Algo = dismiss from + Posesivo + mind.
    * no pensar más que en = be wrapped up in.
    * no percatarse de = be blind to.
    * no percatarse de la importancia de Algo = have + no feeling for.
    * no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.
    * no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.
    * no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no perder la calma = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no perderse = keep on + the right track.
    * no perderse en/por = find + Posesivo + way round/through.
    * no perderse mucho, no perderse nada = be no great loss.
    * no perderse nada = be no great loss.
    * no perfumado = non-scented.
    * no periódico = non-periodical.
    * no permitir = disallow.
    * no pertenecer a = have + no place in.
    * no perteneciente a la Comunidad Europea = non-EC.
    * no perteneciente al juzgado = out-of-court.
    * no pestañear = not bat an eyelid, not bat an eyelash.
    * no pillar Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no pillar la idea = miss + the point.
    * no planificado = unplanned.
    * no poder = be unable to, cannot, can't [cannot].
    * no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.
    * no poder conciliar el sueño = have + trouble sleeping, have + trouble sleeping.
    * no poder darse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = cannot + give + too much emphasis + to the importance of, the importance of + Nombre + cannot be stressed too strongly.
    * no poder dormir = sleeplessness.
    * no poder estarse quieto = have + the fidgets, fidget.
    * no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.
    * no poder permitirse = ill afford.
    * no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.
    * no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.
    * no poderse negar que = there + be + no denying that.
    * no poder sino + Infinitivo = cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.
    * no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.
    * no polémico = non-controversial [noncontroversial], non-contentious.
    * no poner en duda = be unquestioned.
    * ¡No, por lo que más quieras! = Not on your life!.
    * no precipitarse = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * no predisponer a Alguien en contra = keep on + the right side of.
    * no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.
    * no preocuparse que = rest + assured that.
    * no preparado = uninformed, unready, unprepared.
    * no presentado a examen = absent from exam.
    * no prestar atención = disregard, overlook, close + the door on, go + unheeded, fly in + the face of.
    * no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.
    * no prestar la suficiente atención = give + short shrift.
    * no pretender ser = make + no claim to.
    * no probado = untested.
    * no procesado = unprocessed.
    * no profesional = non-professional [nonprofessional].
    * no programador = non-programmer.
    * no prolongado = unsustained.
    * no pronunciado = undelivered.
    * no prosperar = fall by + the wayside.
    * no provocado = unprovoked.
    * no publicado = unpublished.
    * no público = non-public.
    * no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).
    * no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.
    * no puedo comprender = I can't get over.
    * no puedo entender cómo = can't get over how.
    * no quebrar = stay in + business.
    * no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.
    * no querer saber más nada de = drop + Nombre + like a hot potato, drop + Nombre + like a hot brick.
    * no querer saber nada de = want + nothing to do with.
    * no querer tener nada que ver con Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.
    * no racial = colour-blind.
    * no racista = race-neutral.
    * no realizado = unfulfilled, unrealised [unrealized, -USA].
    * no recargado = uncluttered.
    * no reciclable = non-recyclable.
    * no recogido = uncollected.
    * no recompensado = unrewarded.
    * no reconocido = unacknowledged, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA].
    * no recopilado = uncollected.
    * no redimido = unredeemed.
    * no reembolsable = non-repayable, non-refundable.
    * no registrado = unlisted, unaffiliated.
    * no reglamentado = unregulated.
    * no regulado = unregulated.
    * no relacionado = unrelated, nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no relacionados entre sí = unrelated.
    * no relativo = nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no relevante = non-relevant.
    * no remunerado = unpaid, unsalaried, non-paying, unremunerated, non-remunerated.
    * no renovable = non-renewable.
    * no renovado = unrenewed.
    * no rentable = uneconomic, unprofitable.
    * no reparar en gastos = go to + town on, lash out (on).
    * no repartido = undelivered.
    * no representativo = unrepresentative.
    * no restrictivo = non-restrictive.
    * no restringido = non-restrictive, unconfined.
    * no resuelto = unresolved.
    * no resultar fácil = not be easy.
    * no retirado = uncollected.
    * * *
    (= noroeste) NW
    * * *
    no {predisponer} en contra
    (v.) = stay on + the right side of

    Ex: Many of the stories told about fairies seem to be cautionary tales, showing that they can be very helpful, as long as you stay on the right side of them.

    = by no means, NOT, nay, no, not.
    Nota: Negación usada con verbos; para los nombres, véase no.

    Ex: However, UDC is by no means always applied to this degree of detail in libraries.

    Ex: The Boolean logic operator NOT excludes records containing a particular word.
    Ex: Said another timidly, nay, sheepishly: 'You can see we need help, can't you Mr. Bibeau?'.
    Ex: In either case, the patient keys in the responses, which may be as simple as 'yes' or 'no'.
    Ex: The Boolean logic operator not excludes records containing a particular word.
    * alfabeto no romano = non-Roman alphabet.
    * aún no nacido = unborn.
    * aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.
    * base de datos no bibliográfica = non-bibliographic database.
    * catalogación no automatizada = non-computerised cataloguing.
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?.
    * ¡Dios no lo quiera! = God forbid.
    * documento recuperado no pertinente = false drop.
    * el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees.
    * el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.
    * encabezamiento no admitido = non-approved heading.
    * encabezamiento no específico = non-specific heading.
    * esto no quiere decir que = this is not to say that.
    * evaluación no intrusiva = unobtrusive evaluation.
    * información no codificada = non-coded information.
    * lo creas o no = believe it or not.
    * material no devuelto = non-return.
    * material no impreso = non-print [nonprint], non-print media.
    * modo no interactivo = non-interactive mode.
    * ¿no? = do you?, do you?.
    * no {predisponer} en contra = stay on + the right side of.
    * no abandonar = stick with, stand by.
    * no abrasivo = non-abrasive.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no académico = non-academic.
    * no acentuado = unaccented.
    * no aceptar = disavow.
    * no aceptarse = go by + the board.
    * no aceptar un no por respuesta = not take + no for an answer.
    * no acercarse a = steer + clear of, stay away from, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.
    * no acercarse a Algo ni muerto = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no ácido = acid-free.
    * no acostumbrado a = unfamiliar with.
    * no actual = non-current.
    * no actuando en capacidad de autor = non-authorial.
    * no actuar como se debe = be remiss.
    * no actuar correctamente = be remiss.
    * no actuar debidamente = be remiss.
    * no acudir = stay away.
    * no acuoso = non-aqueous.
    * no admitir discusión = be out of the question.
    * no adosado = detached.
    * no afectado = unaffected.
    * no afectar = be immune against, leave + unaffected.
    * no afiliado = unaffiliated.
    * no afín = nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no agobiarse = take + Posesivo + time.
    * no agravante = non-exacerbating.
    * no agrupado = unclustered.
    * no aguantar más = have had enough.
    * no aguantar ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.
    * no alcanzar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no alergénico = non-allergenic.
    * no alfabetizado = non-literate.
    * no amante de la literatura = non-literary.
    * no americano = non-US, un-American.
    * no amortizable = irredeemable.
    * no analizado = unexamined.
    * no anclado = unanchored.
    * no andar con reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no andar con tapujos = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no andar en nada bueno = be up to no good, get up to + no good.
    * no andar muy equivocado = be in the right realm.
    * no andarse con rodeos = call + a spade a spade.
    * no antes de = no sooner than.
    * no añorar el pasado = never + look back.
    * no aparecer = be not included.
    * no apartarse del buen camino = keep on + the right track.
    * no aprovechar Algo lo suficiente = under-exploit [underexploit].
    * no aprovechar el potencial = fall (far) short of + potential, fall (far) behind + potential.
    * no apto para menores = X-rated.
    * no arrepentirse = not look back, never + look back.
    * no arriesgarse = play it + safe.
    * no asignado = unallocated, unassigned.
    * no asistencia = non-attendance.
    * no asistente = non-attender [nonattender].
    * no asistir = stay away.
    * no atendido = unsatisfied.
    * no atreverse a = flinch at/from, have + no stomach for.
    * no atreverse a tratar = fear to + tread.
    * no auténtico = unauthentic.
    * no autorizado = unauthorised [unauthorized, -USA], unapproved.
    * no avanzar = tread + water.
    * no avanzar más = go + no further.
    * no bajarse del burro = stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * no bastar = not be good enough.
    * no bibliográfico = non-book [nonbook], non-bibliographic, non-bibliographical.
    * no bibliotecario = non-librarian.
    * no británico = non-UK.
    * no buscarle las pulgas al perro = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no cabe ni un alfiler = no room to swing a cat.
    * no caber en sí de alegría = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.
    * no cambiar = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work, stand + pat.
    * no canjeable = irredeemable.
    * no cantante = nonsinger.
    * no cantes victoria antes de tiempo = don't count your chickens before they are hatched.
    * no captar la idea = miss + the point.
    * no ceder = stand + Posesivo + ground, put + Posesivo + foot down.
    * no ceder a las presiones = withstand + pressure.
    * no ceder terreno = stand + Posesivo + ground.
    * no centrado = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * no científico = unscientific.
    * no cobrado = uncollected.
    * no codificado = non-coded.
    * no coercitivo = non-coercive.
    * no coger Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no coger por sorpresa = come as + no surprise.
    * no coincidente = ill matched.
    * no colar = Negativo + hold + water.
    * no comentado = unannotated.
    * no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].
    * no compatible = non-compatible.
    * no compensatorio = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * no comprender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no comprobado = untested.
    * no comprometido = uncommitted.
    * no concebirse desde ningún punto de vista = be impossible under any hypothesis.
    * no concentrado = unfocused [unfocussed].
    * no concentrar el esfuerzo = spread + Nombre + thinly.
    * no concordar con = be at odds with.
    * no conducir a nada = be exercises in + futility.
    * no conductual = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no confirmado = unsubstantiated.
    * no conformarse con un no = not take + no for an answer.
    * no conmovedor = unmoving.
    * no conocer a Alguien de nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conocer a Alguien para nada = not know + Pronombre + from Adam.
    * no conseguir nada = achieve + nothing.
    * no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.
    * no considerarse parte de = hold + Reflexivo + apart from.
    * no consumible = nonconsumptive.
    * no consumidor = nonconsumptive.
    * no contagioso = non-contagious.
    * no contaminado = untainted, uncontaminated.
    * no contar = be out of the picture.
    * no contar con = leave + Nombre + out of the picture, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.
    * no contar con la aprobación = frown on/upon.
    * no contencioso = non-contentious.
    * no convencional = non-conventional.
    * no convexo = nonconvex [non-convex].
    * no corregido = uncorrected.
    * no correlativo = non-consecutive.
    * no correr prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * no corroborado = unsubstantiated.
    * no creerse Algo al pie de la letra = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no crítico = non-critical.
    * no cualificado = unskilled.
    * no cuestionarse la veracidad de Algo temporalmente = suspend + disbelief.
    * no cumplido = unfulfilled, unrealised [unrealized, -USA].
    * no cumplir = fall + short of, welsh on.
    * no cumplir con el plazo de publicación = miss + publication deadline.
    * no cumplir con + Posesivo + deber = be remiss.
    * no cumplir las expectativas = fall + short of expectations.
    * no cumplir lo esperado = fall + short of expectations.
    * no cumplir lo prometido = fall + short of + Posesivo + promise.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * no cumplir un objetivo = fall + short of goal.
    * no cumplir unos criterios = fall (far) short of + criteria.
    * no cumplir unos requisitos = fall + short of requirements.
    * no cursar una asignatura = skip + grades.
    * no dar crédito a = disbelief.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + oídos = not believe + Posesivo + ears.
    * no dar crédito a + Posesivo + ojos = not believe + Posesivo + eyes.
    * no dar fruto = come to + nothing.
    * no darle demasiada importancia a Algo = think + little of.
    * no darle demasiada importancia a + Infinitivo = think + nothing of + Gerundio.
    * no darle importancia a = think + very little about/of.
    * no dar más de sí = stretch + Nombre + to the limit, overstretch.
    * no dar ningún resultado = give + zero results, be of no avail, be to no avail.
    * no darse cuenta de = sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.
    * no darse de cuenta de = be blind to.
    * no darse por vencido fácilmente = not take + no for an answer.
    * no dar una impresión clara = send + mixed signals.
    * no debemos + Infinitivo = let us not + Infinitivo.
    * no deber nada = pay + Posesivo + dues.
    * no + deber + sorprender que = it + be + not surprising that.
    * no debes juzgar un libro por el color de sus pastas = don't judge a book by its cover, don't judge a book by its cover.
    * no debidamente reconocido = unsung.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * no decir nada = keep + quiet.
    * no decir nada a nadie = lips + seal.
    * no decir nada nuevo = much ado about nothing.
    * no decir palabrotas = watch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * no de comportamiento = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no de conducta = nonbehavioural [nonbehavioral, -USA].
    * no decreciente = non-decreasing.
    * no dedicado a la investigación = non-research.
    * no definido = unstated.
    * no definirse = sit on + the fence.
    * no dejar a nadie fuera = inclusivity.
    * no dejar de enviar + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * no dejar de mandar + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.
    * no dejar duda = leave + little doubt.
    * no dejar entrar = turn + Nombre + away, keep out.
    * no dejar ninguna duda = leave + no doubt.
    * no dejar ni un cabo suelto = tie up + all the loose ends.
    * no dejar pasar = keep out.
    * no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.
    * no dejar títere con cabeza = turn + everything upside down.
    * no deliberado = unintentional.
    * no del todo maduro = underripe.
    * no democrático = undemocratic.
    * no desanimarse = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * no descansar en + Posesivo + tumba = spin + in + Posesivo + grave.
    * no descriptor = non-descriptor.
    * no deseado = unwanted, undesired, uninvited.
    * no desfallecer = keep up.
    * no desgastarse fácilmente = wear + well.
    * no desglosable = unbreakable.
    * no desmerecer = compare + favourably.
    * no destructivo = non-destructive.
    * no desvelar + Posesivo + identidad = protect + Posesivo + identity.
    * no determinista = nondeterministic [non-deterministic].
    * no devolverse = be non-refundable.
    * no diferenciador = nondistinctive.
    * no diferenciarse de = be nothing short of.
    * no digno de confianza = untrustworthy.
    * no discapacitado = able-bodied.
    * no disciplinario = impunitive.
    * no discriminatorio con respecto al sexo = gender neutral.
    * no disponible = not applicable [N/A].
    * no disponible para el préstamo = not-loanable.
    * no dispuesto = unprepared.
    * no distinguir entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....
    * no distintivo = nondistinctive.
    * no distribuido = undelivered, undelivered.
    * no docente = non-teaching.
    * no económico = non-economic [noneconomic].
    * no educativo = non-teaching, non-educational.
    * no efímero = non-volatile [nonvolatile].
    * no eléctrico = nonelectrical [non-electrical].
    * no encontrar nada + Adjetivo = find far from + Adjetivo.
    * no encontrar ni el pie ni la cabeza = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no encontrar palabras = be at a loss for words, be lost for words.
    * no en inglés = non-English.
    * no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.
    * no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no entendido por la materia = outsider.
    * no entregado = undelivered.
    * no envío = non-shipment.
    * no epiléptico = non-epileptic.
    * no es asombroso que = not surprisingly, unsurprisingly.
    * no escatimar = unstinting.
    * no escatimar dinero = lavish + money.
    * no escatimar gastos = go to + town on, lash out (on).
    * no escrito = unwritten.
    * no es de extrañar que = no wonder that, small wonder that.
    * no es de sorprender que = not surprisingly, unsurprisingly.
    * no esencial = non-essential [nonessential].
    * no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).
    * no especialista = non-expert [nonexpert].
    * no especializado = broader-based.
    * no especificar = leave + undefined.
    * no está claro todavía = the jury is still out (on).
    * no esta disponible = be down.
    * no estándar = non-standard [nonstandard].
    * no estar + Adjetivo + en absoluto = be far from + Adjetivo.
    * no estar a la altura de las expectativas = fall below + expectations.
    * no estar a la altura de lo que se espera = fall below + expectations, be below par, be under par.
    * no estar al tanto de = be out of touch with.
    * no estar bien equilibrado = skew.
    * no estar contento = be unhappy.
    * no estar convencido = be dubious.
    * no estar coordinado con = be out of step with.
    * no estar de acuerdo = be at variance, disagree, beg to differ.
    * no estar de acuerdo (con) = disapprove (of).
    * no estar de acuerdo con la idea de = disapprove of + the idea of.
    * no estar de suerte = be out of luck.
    * no estar deteriorado = unimpaired.
    * no estar disponible = be unavailable.
    * no estar dispuesto a = be unwilling to, be negatively disposed to.
    * no estar documentado = be undocumented.
    * no estar en condiciones de = be unfit for.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * no estar en funcionamiento = be down.
    * no estar en plenitud de facultades = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * no estar en + Posesivo + cabales = insane.
    * no estar en sintonía con = be out of step with.
    * no estar expuesto al público = be out of the public eye.
    * no estar familiarizado con = be unfamiliar with.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no estar incluido = be not included.
    * no estar muy católico = feel + bad.
    * no estar muy lejos de = be just one step away from.
    * no estar nada + Adjetivo = be anything but + Adjetivo.
    * no estar nunca satisfecho = enough + be + not/never + enough.
    * no estar presente en = be absent (from).
    * no estar relacionado con = be unrelated to.
    * no estar seguro = be uncertain.
    * no estar seguro de = be unsure about/of.
    * no estar utilizable = be down.
    * no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.
    * no es un misterio = not (exactly) rocket science.
    * no exacerbado = non-exacerbating.
    * no examinado = unexamined.
    * no exclusivo = non-exclusive.
    * no excluyente = inclusive, socially-inclusive.
    * no existe = not applicable [N/A].
    * no existir = be out of the picture.
    * no existir como tal = there + be + no such thing as, there + be + no such thing as.
    * no existir límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no existir ningún indicio de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no experto = non-expert [nonexpert].
    * no explorado = unexplored.
    * no explosivo = non-explosive.
    * no expresado = unspoken, unstated.
    * no expuesto a la luz = unexposed.
    * no falla = reliable.
    * no faltar el respeto = be civil towards.
    * no familiarizado con = unfamiliar with.
    * no ferroso = non-ferrous [nonferrous].
    * no fibroso = non-fibrous.
    * no figurar = be not included.
    * no fijado = non-net.
    * no fructificar = come to + nothing.
    * no fumador = non-smoker, non-smoking.
    * no funcionar = be out of order.
    * no funcionario = untenured, non-tenured.
    * no + Futuro = won't [will not].
    * no ganado = unearned.
    * no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.
    * no gubernamental = non-government, non-governmental [nongovernmental].
    * no gustar = have + a dislike for, dislike, be uncomfortable + Gerundio, be uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable + Gerundio.
    * no haber = be unavailable.
    * no haber consecuencias = nothing + come of.
    * no + haber + dos + Nombre que = no two + Nombre.
    * no haber duda de que = there + be + no doubt that.
    * no haber duda (que) = there + be + no question (that).
    * no haber forma de = there + be + no way.
    * no haber indicios de que = there + be + no indication that.
    * no haber límites = there + be + no limit.
    * no haber llegado todavía = be yet to come.
    * no haber manera de = there + be + no way.
    * no haber modo de = there + be + no means of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no + haber + nada como = there + be + nothing like.
    * no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.
    * no + haber + nada malo en = there + be + nothing wrong in/with.
    * no haber palabras para describirlo = beggar + description.
    * no haber pero que valer = not take + no for an answer.
    * no haber prisa = there + be + no hurry.
    * no haber problemas = be fine.
    * no haber señal de que = there + be + no sign of.
    * no habiendo = in the absence of.
    * no hace falta decir que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * no hacer Algo ni muerto = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no hacer Algo por cobardía = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).
    * no hacer Algo por miedo = wimp out (on), wimp, chicken out (on/of).
    * no hacer caso = brush aside.
    * no hacer caso a = turn + Posesivo + back on.
    * no hacer caso de = slight.
    * no hacer los deberes = be asleep at the wheel.
    * no hacer más que = do + no more than.
    * no hacer nada = vegetate, veg out.
    * no hacer nada al respecto = leave + unchecked.
    * no hacer nada de particular = do + nothing in particular.
    * no hacer ninguna gracia = not take + kindly to.
    * no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.
    * no hacer otra cosa que = do + nothing but.
    * no hacer sino = do + no more than.
    * no hay = there ain't [there aren't/isn't].
    * no hay dos sin tres = things + come in threes.
    * no hay duda de que = undoubtedly.
    * no hay escapatoria = needs must when the devil drives.
    * no hay forma de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay límite(s) = the sky is the limit.
    * no hay mal que por bien no venga = every cloud has a silver lining, be a blessing in disguise, to every cloud, there is a silver lining.
    * no hay manera de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay más remedio = needs must when the devil drives.
    * no hay modo de que = for the life of me.
    * no hay nada como = nothing beats....
    * no hay nada imposible = all bets are off.
    * no hay nada mejor que = nothing beats....
    * no hay nada oculto = what you see is what you get.
    * no hay + Nombre + que sean = no + Nombre + be.
    * no higroscópico = non-hygroscopic.
    * no hindú = non-Hindu.
    * no homosexual = straight man.
    * no humano = non-human [nonhuman].
    * no hurgar en la herida = let + sleeping dogs lie.
    * no idéntico = non-identical.
    * no identificado = unnamed.
    * no idoneidad = unsuitability.
    * no impacientarse con = bear with + Pronombre.
    * no importa = never mind, regardless of, whatever.
    * no importa + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que seaAdjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * no importa cómo = no matter how.
    * no importa lo + Adjetivo + que + Subjuntivo = no matter how + Adjetivo.
    * no importa lo bien = no matter how well.
    * No importa lo que se conoce, sino a quién se conoce = It's not what you know, but who you know.
    * no importa qué = whatever.
    * no importar = be all right with + Persona, make + no difference, cope with.
    * no importar Algo a Alguien = think + little of.
    * no importar en absoluto = have + no qualms about.
    * no importar + Infinitivo = think + nothing of + Gerundio.
    * no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.
    * no importar lo que + pensar de = whatever + Pronombre + make of.
    * no importar nada = not give a damn, not give a shit, not give a fuck.
    * no importa si... o = no matter whether... or.
    * no impreso = unprinted.
    * no incluido = unlisted.
    * no incluye = exclusive of.
    * no indicado = unstated.
    * no + Indicativo = fail to + Infinitivo.
    * no + Infinitivo = failure to + Infinitivo.
    * no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.
    * no ingresado = unearned.
    * no inmiscuirse en = remain + uninvolved in, stay away from.
    * no inmutarse = not bat an eyelid, not bat an eyelash, keep + a stiff upper lip.
    * no inscripción = non-registration.
    * no intencional = non-intentional.
    * no interactivo = non-interactive.
    * no interesar = can't/couldn't be bothered.
    * no intervencionista = hands-off, isolationist.
    * no intrusivo = nonobtrusive.
    * no invasivo = noninvasive [non-invasive].
    * no invitado = uninvited.
    * no invitados, los = uninvited, the.
    * no involucrado = uninvolved.
    * no jerárquico = non-hierarchical.
    * no lector = non-reader [nonreader].
    * no letal = non-lethal.
    * no levantarse hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.
    * no librario = non-book [nonbook].
    * no lineal = nonlinear [non-linear].
    * no linealidad = nonlinearity [no-linearity].
    * no listo = unready.
    * no literario = unliterary, non-literary.
    * no llegar a = stop + short of, fall + short of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * no llegar a + Infinitivo (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + Gerundio.
    * no llegar a un ideal = fall + short of ideal.
    * no llevar a ninguna parte = achieve + nothing, go + nowhere.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, flog + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no llevar a ningún sitio = go + nowhere.
    * no lo bastante lejos = not far enough.
    * no lo dudes = take it from me.
    * no lucrativo = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.
    * no manifiesto = undeclared.
    * no MARC = non-MARC.
    * no más que = in any more than.
    * no materializarse = fall through.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no médico = non-clinical.
    * no merecer la pena = be no good.
    * no merecerse Algo = be unworthy of.
    * no meterse en líos = keep out of + trouble.
    * no meterse en problemas = keep out of + trouble.
    * no miel sin hiel = no pain, no gain.
    * no miembro = non-member [nonmember].
    * no militar = nonmilitary.
    * no monográfico = non-monographic.
    * no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.
    * no moverse = stay + put.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no musical = non-musical.
    * no muy acertado = wide of the mark.
    * no muy apropiado = wide of the mark.
    * no muy bien informado = not-too-well-informed.
    * no muy despierto = slow.
    * no muy lejos = within easy travelling distance, not far behind, not far off, not far away, not far, not too far.
    * no muy listos, los = none-too-bright, the.
    * no nacido = unborn.
    * no necesitar mantenimiento = maintenance-free.
    * no nombrado = unnamed.
    * no nórdico = non-Nordic.
    * no obstaculizar = be out of the way of.
    * no obstante = albeit (that), however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, notwithstanding, none the less, though, that being said, all this said, when all is said and done.
    * no occidental = non-Western.
    * no ocultar las preferencias de Uno sobre Algo = make + no bones about + Algo.
    * no oficial = non-government.
    * no olvidar = bear in + mind, be aware of.
    * no ordenado = unsorted.
    * no orgánico = non-organic.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no parecer que = there + be + no sign of, there + be + little sign of.
    * no parecerse en nada a = be nothing like.
    * no parecerse ni por asomo = different as night and day.
    * no parecer Uno Mismo = be out of character.
    * no participar = be out of the picture.
    * no participar en = be uninvolved in, remain + uninvolved in.
    * no partidista = non-partisan [nonpartisan].
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no patentado = non-proprietary.
    * no pegar ni con cola = stick out like + a sore thumb.
    * no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.
    * no pensar más en Algo = dismiss from + Posesivo + mind.
    * no pensar más que en = be wrapped up in.
    * no percatarse de = be blind to.
    * no percatarse de la importancia de Algo = have + no feeling for.
    * no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.
    * no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.
    * no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no perder la calma = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.
    * no perderse = keep on + the right track.
    * no perderse en/por = find + Posesivo + way round/through.
    * no perderse mucho, no perderse nada = be no great loss.
    * no perderse nada = be no great loss.
    * no perfumado = non-scented.
    * no periódico = non-periodical.
    * no permitir = disallow.
    * no pertenecer a = have + no place in.
    * no perteneciente a la Comunidad Europea = non-EC.
    * no perteneciente al juzgado = out-of-court.
    * no pestañear = not bat an eyelid, not bat an eyelash.
    * no pillar Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no pillar la idea = miss + the point.
    * no planificado = unplanned.
    * no poder = be unable to, cannot, can't [cannot].
    * no poder aguantar a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.
    * no poder conciliar el sueño = have + trouble sleeping, have + trouble sleeping.
    * no poder darse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * no poder dejar de mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder dejar de recalcar la importancia de Algo = cannot + give + too much emphasis + to the importance of, the importance of + Nombre + cannot be stressed too strongly.
    * no poder dormir = sleeplessness.
    * no poder estarse quieto = have + the fidgets, fidget.
    * no poder evitar + Infinitivo = cannot help + Gerundio, cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder evitar mencionar = cannot but notice.
    * no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.
    * no poder permitirse = ill afford.
    * no poder permitirse el lujo de = ill afford.
    * no poder quitarse Algo de la cabeza = can't get it out of my mind.
    * no poderse buscar = be unsearchable.
    * no poderse negar que = there + be + no denying that.
    * no poder sino + Infinitivo = cannot help but + Verbo.
    * no poder ver a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.
    * no poder ver Algo o Alguien = can't stand + sight.
    * no polémico = non-controversial [noncontroversial], non-contentious.
    * no poner en duda = be unquestioned.
    * ¡No, por lo que más quieras! = Not on your life!.
    * no precipitarse = keep + a cool head, play it + cool.
    * no predisponer a Alguien en contra = keep on + the right side of.
    * no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.
    * no preocuparse que = rest + assured that.
    * no preparado = uninformed, unready, unprepared.
    * no presentado a examen = absent from exam.
    * no prestar atención = disregard, overlook, close + the door on, go + unheeded, fly in + the face of.
    * no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.
    * no prestar la suficiente atención = give + short shrift.
    * no pretender ser = make + no claim to.
    * no probado = untested.
    * no procesado = unprocessed.
    * no profesional = non-professional [nonprofessional].
    * no programador = non-programmer.
    * no prolongado = unsustained.
    * no pronunciado = undelivered.
    * no prosperar = fall by + the wayside.
    * no provocado = unprovoked.
    * no publicado = unpublished.
    * no público = non-public.
    * no pude evitar notar que = couldn't help but notice (that).
    * no puedo aguantarlo = can't take it.
    * no puedo comprender = I can't get over.
    * no puedo entender cómo = can't get over how.
    * no quebrar = stay in + business.
    * no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.
    * no querer saber más nada de = drop + Nombre + like a hot potato, drop + Nombre + like a hot brick.
    * no querer saber nada de = want + nothing to do with.
    * no querer tener nada que ver con Algo = would not touch + Nombre + with a barge pole.
    * no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.
    * no racial = colour-blind.
    * no racista = race-neutral.
    * no realizado = unfulfilled, unrealised [unrealized, -USA].
    * no recargado = uncluttered.
    * no reciclable = non-recyclable.
    * no recogido = uncollected.
    * no recompensado = unrewarded.
    * no reconocido = unacknowledged, unrecognised [unrecognized, -USA].
    * no recopilado = uncollected.
    * no redimido = unredeemed.
    * no reembolsable = non-repayable, non-refundable.
    * no registrado = unlisted, unaffiliated.
    * no reglamentado = unregulated.
    * no regulado = unregulated.
    * no relacionado = unrelated, nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no relacionados entre sí = unrelated.
    * no relativo = nonrelative [non-relative].
    * no relevante = non-relevant.
    * no remunerado = unpaid, unsalaried, non-paying, unremunerated, non-remunerated.
    * no renovable = non-renewable.
    * no renovado = unrenewed.
    * no rentable = uneconomic, unprofitable.
    * no reparar en gastos = go to + town on, lash out (on).
    * no repartido = undelivered.
    * no representativo = unrepresentative.
    * no restrictivo = non-restrictive.
    * no restringido = non-restrictive, unconfined.
    * no resuelto = unresolved.
    * no resultar fácil = not be easy.
    * no retirado = uncollected.

    * * *
    NO
    (= noroeste) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] NW
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    NO    
    no
    NO (
    ◊ noroeste) NW

    no adverbio
    a) ( como respuesta) no;

    (modificando adverbios, oraciones, verbos) not la negación de la mayoría de los verbos ingleses requiere el uso del auxiliar `do'
    ◊ ¿te gustó? — no did you like it? — no, I didn't;

    ¿vienes o no? are you coming or not?;
    no te preocupes don't worry;
    ¿por qué no quieres ir? — porque no why don't you want to go? — I just don't

    ◊ no veo nada I can't see a thing o anything;

    no viene nunca she never comes

    ◊ está mejor ¿no? she's better, isn't she?;

    ha dimitido ¿no? he has resigned, hasn't he?

    ◊ se ganó la lotería — ¡no! he won the lottery — he didn't! o no!



    ¿te gustó? a mí no did you like it? I didn't
    f) (delante de n, adj, pp):


    la no violencia non-violence;
    un hijo no deseado an unwanted child
    ■ sustantivo masculino (pl
    ◊ noes) no

    no
    I adverbio
    1 (como respuesta) no: ¿quieres un poco?, - no, gracias, would you like a bit?, - no, thanks
    2 (en frases negativas) not: aún no está dormido, he isn't asleep yet
    hoy no es jueves, today isn't Thursday
    no, no iré, no, I will not go
    no tengo hambre, I am not hungry
    ¿por qué no?, why not?
    ya no fuma, she doesn't smoke any more
    3 (antepuesto a un nombre) la no colaboración se penalizará, non-collaboration will be penalized
    4 (con otros negativos) no diré nada, I won't say a single word
    no lo haré jamás, I'll never do it
    no sin antes..., not without first...
    5 (en advertencia, cartel) no fumar, no smoking
    6 (en preguntas retóricas o de confirmación) está enfadado, ¿no es así?, he is angry, isn't he?
    estoy guapa, ¿o no?, I'm smart, aren't I?
    firmarás el contrato, ¿no?, you'll sign the contract, won't you?
    ¿no nos presentaron el otro día?, weren't we introduced the other day?
    7 (para expresar un temor) llévate el paraguas, no sea que llueva, take your umbrella in case it rains
    II sustantivo masculino no: ¿es un no definitivo?, is that a definite no?

    'no' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abandonar
    - abandonada
    - abandonado
    - abandonarse
    - abarcar
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abasto
    - abatir
    - abatimiento
    - abonarse
    - abortar
    - abrir
    - abreviar
    - abrigar
    - absoluta
    - absolutamente
    - absoluto
    - abstraerse
    - abuela
    - abundar
    - aburrida
    - aburrido
    - abusar
    - acabar
    - acallar
    - acalorarse
    - acariciar
    - acaso
    - accesoria
    - accesorio
    - aceptar
    - acertada
    - acertado
    - achacar
    - achantarse
    - aclararse
    - aconsejar
    - actuación
    - actual
    - acudir
    - adelantar
    - adelante
    - adentro
    - adivinar
    - admitir
    - adónde
    - adorno
    - advertir
    English:
    abide
    - ablaze
    - able
    - about
    - absence
    - absent
    - accepted
    - accommodate
    - account
    - accountable
    - accustom
    - act on
    - action
    - actual
    - actually
    - add up
    - adequately
    - adjust
    - admit
    - admittance
    - advertise
    - advise
    - affair
    - afford
    - afraid
    - agree
    - agreement
    - albeit
    - alike
    - alive
    - all
    - alone
    - aloud
    - also
    - alternative
    - altogether
    - always
    - ambit
    - amiss
    - amusing
    - anathema
    - and
    - answer
    - answer back
    - antisexist
    - any
    - anybody
    - anything
    - anywhere
    - apart
    * * *
    NO (abrev de Noroeste)
    NW
    * * *
    NO
    abr (= noroeste) NW, Northwest
    * * *
    no adv
    1) : no
    ¿quieres ir al mercado? no, voy más tarde: do you want to go shopping? no, I'm going later
    2) : not
    ¡no hagas eso!: don't do that!
    creo que no: I don't think so
    3) : non-
    no fumador: non-smoker
    4)
    ¡como no! : of course!
    5)
    no bien : as soon as, no sooner
    * * *
    no adv
    ¿vienes? No are you coming? No
    ¡no a los accidentes! no more accidents!
    no toques eso don't touch that que no con verbos como creer, pensar, etc se puede traducir por un verbo negativo y so
    La doble negación en inglés equivale a una afirmación, así que con un solo negativo basta
    Si se emplea ¿no? para hacer una pregunta, en inglés se emplea una tag question
    fuiste al médico, ¿no? you went to the doctor's, didn't you?
    el martes es fiesta, ¿no? Tuesday is a holiday, isn't it?
    puedo ir, ¿no? I can go, can't I?

    Spanish-English dictionary > no

  • 8 voz

    f.
    1 voice (sonido, habla, tono).
    a media voz in a low voice, under one's breath
    a voz en grito at the top of one's voice
    aclarar o aclararse la voz to clear one's throat
    alzar o levantar la voz a alguien to raise one's voice to somebody
    de viva voz by word of mouth
    en voz baja softly, in a low voice
    mudó la voz his voice broke
    tener la voz tomada to be hoarse
    la voz de la conciencia the voice of conscience
    2 shout (grito).
    decir algo a voces to shout something
    dar voces to shout
    dar la voz de alerta to raise the alarm
    voz de mando order, command
    3 say, voice.
    la voz de la experiencia/del pueblo the voice of experience/of the people
    no tener ni voz ni voto to have no say in the matter
    4 rumor.
    corre la voz de que va a dimitir people are saying that she's going to resign
    ¡corre la voz! pass it on!
    5 voice (cantante).
    una de las mejores voces del país one of the best voices in the country
    6 word (vocablo).
    7 voice (grammar).
    voz activa/pasiva active/passive voice
    * * *
    1 (sonido) voice
    2 (grito) shout
    3 (vocablo, palabra) word
    4 GRAMÁTICA voice
    6 figurado (rumor) rumour (US rumor)
    \
    a media voz in a low voice, softly
    a voces shouting
    a voz en cuello / a voz en grito at the top of one's voice
    aclararse la voz to clear one's throat
    alzar la voz / levantar la voz to raise one's voice
    corre la voz que... rumour has it that...
    dar la voz de alarma to raise the alarm
    dar una voz a alguien to give somebody a shout
    dar voces to shout
    en voz baja in a low voice
    estar pidiendo algo a voces figurado to be crying out for something
    llevar la voz cantante to sing the leading part 2 figurado to rule the roost
    mudarle la voz to break
    ser voz pública to be common knowledge
    tener voz y voto familiar to have a say 2 formal to be a voting member
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) word
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=sonido humano) voice

    con la voz entrecortada o empañada — in a voice choked with emotion

    • aclararse la voz — to clear one's throat

    • ahuecar la voz — to deepen one's voice

    • en voz alta — (=de forma audible) aloud, out loud; (=con tono potente) loudly

    ¿me lo puedes repetir en voz alta? — can you say that again louder?

    • en voz baja — in a low voice, in a whisper

    me lo dijo en voz baja — she whispered it to me, she told me in a whisper o in a low voice

    algunos comentaban, en voz baja, que sería mejor que dimitiera — some were whispering that it would be best if he resigned

    • está empezando a cambiarom udar la voz — his voice is beginning to break

    • forzar la voz — to strain one's voice

    • a media voz — in a whisper

    • perder la voz, [quedarse] sin voz — (temporalmente) to lose one's voice; (definitivamente) to lose the power of speech

    • tener la voz tomada — to be hoarse

    • a una voz — with one voice

    • de viva voz — aloud

    me lo dijo de viva voz — he told me himself o personally o in person

    voz en off — (TV, Cine) voice-over

    anudarse 3), desanudar, levantar 1., 7), torrente 2)
    2) (Mús)
    a) (=sonido) [de instrumento] sound

    la voz del órgano — the sound oliterthe strains of the organ

    b) (=persona) voice

    canción a cuatro voces — song for four voices, four-part song

    • llevar la voz cantante — (en un grupo de pop, rock) to be the lead singer; (en un concierto clásico) to be the lead soprano/tenor etc

    (fig) to call the tune
    c) (=habilidad para el canto) voice
    3) (=aviso) voice

    la voz de la conciencia — the promptings o voice of conscience

    • dar la voz de alarma — to raise the alarm

    • dar una voz a algn — to give sb a shout

    cuando hayas terminado, dame una voz — give me a shout when you've finished *

    voz de mando — (Mil) command

    4) (=rumor) rumour, rumor (EEUU)

    • circulaoc orre la voz de que... — there is a rumour going round that..., the word is that...

    • hacer circular o correr la voz de que... — to spread the rumour o word that...

    voz común — hearsay, gossip

    5) (Pol) (=opinión) voice

    • tener voz y voto — to have full voting rights

    6) pl voces (=gritos) shouting [sing]

    •a voces, discutir a voces — to argue noisily o loudly

    estuve llamando a voces pero no me abrieron la puerta — I called out o shouted but they didn't open the door

    • darop egar voces — to shout

    pedir 1., 6)
    8) (Ling)
    a) (=vocablo) word
    b) [del verbo] voice
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( sonido) voice

    en voz alta — < hablar> loudly; < leer> aloud, out loud

    a voz en grito or cuello — at the top of one's voice

    de viva voz — personally, in person

    2) ( opinión) voice

    no tener ni voz ni voto: no tiene ni voz ni voto en esto — he has no say in the matter

    3)
    a) voces femenino plural ( gritos) shouting, shouts (pl)

    a voces: hablar a voces to talk in loud voices; llamar a voces to call out, to shout; pedir algo a voces to cry out for something; dar la voz de alarma — to raise the alarm

    b) ( rumor) rumor*

    corre la voz de que... — word o rumor has it that...

    4) (Mús)
    a) ( persona) voice

    una pieza a cuatro voces — a piece for four voices, a four-part piece

    5) (Ling)
    a) (frml) ( palabra) word
    b) ( forma verbal) voice
    •
    * * *
    = voice.
    Ex. There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.
    ----
    * acallar la voz de + Posesivo + conciencia = salve + the conscience.
    * activado por voz = speech-controlled.
    * a viva voz = open outcry.
    * a voces = vociferously, vociferous, open outcry.
    * a voz en cuello = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a voz en grito = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * bajar la voz = lower + Posesivo + voice.
    * buzón de voz = voice mail.
    * con una voz + Adjetivo = in a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * con una voz cantarina = in sing-song.
    * conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech conversion.
    * con voz = talking.
    * con voz entrecortada = hesitantly, falteringly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * con voz suave = soft-spoken, softly-spoken.
    * corre la voz de que = rumour has it that.
    * correr la voz = spread + the news.
    * corría la voz de que = rumour had it that.
    * corte de voz = voice insert.
    * dar una voz = holler.
    * decir con voz + adjetivo = say in + a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * decir en voz alta = say + out loud, say in + a loud voice.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * de viva voz = orally, word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * de voz suave = soft-spoken, softly-spoken.
    * dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.
    * en voz alta = loudly, aloud, out loud.
    * escuchar la voz de la conciencia = listen to + the voice within.
    * escuchar la voz de la experiencia = listen to + the voice of experience.
    * escuchar la voz de la razón = listen to + the voice of reason.
    * escuchar la voz interior = listen to + the voice within.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * identificación mediante la voz = voice-print identification.
    * información a través de la voz = voice information.
    * insultar a voces = scream + abuse (at).
    * la voz de = the voice of.
    * la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.
    * la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.
    * la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.
    * la voz del odio = the voice of hate.
    * la voz interior = the voice within.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * leer en voz alta = read + aloud, read + out loud.
    * levantar la voz = raise + Posesivo + voice.
    * llevar la voz cantante = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * mensaje de voz = voice message.
    * método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.
    * no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.
    * pensar en voz alta = think + aloud, think + out loud.
    * perder la voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.
    * quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * reconocimiento de la voz = voice input and output.
    * reconocimiento de voz = voice recognition.
    * secreto a voces = open secret.
    * sintetizador de voz = voice synthesiser.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * tecnología para el reconocimiento de voz = voice recognition technology.
    * tono de voz = tone of voice.
    * transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.
    * voz + adquirir + tono = voice + take on + quality.
    * voz artificial = voice output, synthesised speech.
    * voz de la conciencia, la = voice of conscience, the.
    * voz digital = digital voice.
    * voz humana sintetizada = synthesised speech.
    * voz interior = inner voice.
    * voz por Internet = voice over IP (VoIP).
    * voz sobre IP (VoIP) = voice over IP (VoIP).
    * voz unánime = unified voice.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( sonido) voice

    en voz alta — < hablar> loudly; < leer> aloud, out loud

    a voz en grito or cuello — at the top of one's voice

    de viva voz — personally, in person

    2) ( opinión) voice

    no tener ni voz ni voto: no tiene ni voz ni voto en esto — he has no say in the matter

    3)
    a) voces femenino plural ( gritos) shouting, shouts (pl)

    a voces: hablar a voces to talk in loud voices; llamar a voces to call out, to shout; pedir algo a voces to cry out for something; dar la voz de alarma — to raise the alarm

    b) ( rumor) rumor*

    corre la voz de que... — word o rumor has it that...

    4) (Mús)
    a) ( persona) voice

    una pieza a cuatro voces — a piece for four voices, a four-part piece

    5) (Ling)
    a) (frml) ( palabra) word
    b) ( forma verbal) voice
    •
    * * *

    Ex: There are networks which have been designed for transmitting information to and from computers, rather than transmitting people's voices.

    * acallar la voz de + Posesivo + conciencia = salve + the conscience.
    * activado por voz = speech-controlled.
    * a viva voz = open outcry.
    * a voces = vociferously, vociferous, open outcry.
    * a voz en cuello = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a voz en grito = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * bajar la voz = lower + Posesivo + voice.
    * buzón de voz = voice mail.
    * con una voz + Adjetivo = in a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * con una voz cantarina = in sing-song.
    * conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech conversion.
    * con voz = talking.
    * con voz entrecortada = hesitantly, falteringly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * con voz suave = soft-spoken, softly-spoken.
    * corre la voz de que = rumour has it that.
    * correr la voz = spread + the news.
    * corría la voz de que = rumour had it that.
    * corte de voz = voice insert.
    * dar una voz = holler.
    * decir con voz + adjetivo = say in + a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * decir en voz alta = say + out loud, say in + a loud voice.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * de viva voz = orally, word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * de voz suave = soft-spoken, softly-spoken.
    * dispositivo de entrada de información mediante la voz = voice input device.
    * en voz alta = loudly, aloud, out loud.
    * escuchar la voz de la conciencia = listen to + the voice within.
    * escuchar la voz de la experiencia = listen to + the voice of experience.
    * escuchar la voz de la razón = listen to + the voice of reason.
    * escuchar la voz interior = listen to + the voice within.
    * hablar en voz alta = talk in + a loud voice.
    * hablar en voz baja = whisper, speak + low.
    * hacer correr la voz = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * identificación mediante la voz = voice-print identification.
    * información a través de la voz = voice information.
    * insultar a voces = scream + abuse (at).
    * la voz de = the voice of.
    * la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.
    * la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.
    * la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.
    * la voz del odio = the voice of hate.
    * la voz interior = the voice within.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * leer en voz alta = read + aloud, read + out loud.
    * levantar la voz = raise + Posesivo + voice.
    * llevar la voz cantante = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.
    * mensaje de voz = voice message.
    * método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.
    * no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.
    * pensar en voz alta = think + aloud, think + out loud.
    * perder la voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.
    * quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * reconocimiento de la voz = voice input and output.
    * reconocimiento de voz = voice recognition.
    * secreto a voces = open secret.
    * sintetizador de voz = voice synthesiser.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * tecnología para el reconocimiento de voz = voice recognition technology.
    * tono de voz = tone of voice.
    * transmisión de información a través de la voz = voice transmission.
    * voz + adquirir + tono = voice + take on + quality.
    * voz artificial = voice output, synthesised speech.
    * voz de la conciencia, la = voice of conscience, the.
    * voz digital = digital voice.
    * voz humana sintetizada = synthesised speech.
    * voz interior = inner voice.
    * voz por Internet = voice over IP (VoIP).
    * voz sobre IP (VoIP) = voice over IP (VoIP).
    * voz unánime = unified voice.

    * * *
    A
    1 (sonido) voice
    le temblaba la voz her voice shook
    tiene una voz de trueno he has a thundering o booming voice
    a mí no me levantes la voz don't raise your voice to me
    todavía no ha cambiado or mudado la voz his voice hasn't broken yet
    se aclaró la voz she cleared her throat
    tiene la voz tomada he's hoarse
    hablaban en voz baja they were speaking quietly, they were speaking in low voices o in hushed tones
    léelo en voz alta read it aloud o out loud
    me lo dijo a media voz he whispered it to me
    con esa vocecita no se le oye nada you can't hear a thing she says, she speaks so quietly o she has such a quiet voice
    no le hizo caso a la voz de la conciencia he took no notice of the voice of his conscience
    a voz en grito or cuello at the top of one's voice
    de viva voz personally, in person
    no te conviene forzar la voz you shouldn't strain your voice
    quedarse sin voz to lose one's voice
    Compuesto:
    ( Mil) command
    B (opinión) voice
    la voz del pueblo the voice of the people
    no tener ni voz ni voto: no tiene ni voz ni voto en esto he has no say o he doesn't have any say in the matter
    1 (gritos) shouting, shouts (pl)
    ¿qué pasa? ¿qué son esas voces? what's happening? what's all that shouting?
    ¡tenías que haber oído las voces que daba! you should have heard him shouting!
    a voces: hablaban a voces they were talking in loud voices, they were talking loudly o shouting
    estuve llamando a voces, pero nadie me oyó I called out o shouted, but nobody heard me
    un problema que pide a voces una solución rápida a problem that is crying out for a quick solution
    dar la voz de alarma to raise the alarm
    2 (rumor) rumor*
    corre la voz de que se van a divorciar word o rumor has it that they are going to get divorced, there is a rumor going around that they are going to get divorced
    D ( Mús)
    1 (persona) voice
    2
    (línea melódica): una pieza a cuatro voces a piece for four voices, a four-part piece
    cantaban a dos voces they were singing a duet
    llevar la voz cantante ( fam); to call the tune o the shots ( colloq)
    3
    (habilidad para cantar): tiene buena voz he has a good voice
    E ( Ling)
    1 ( frml) (palabra) word
    una voz de origen hebreo a word of Hebrew origin
    Compuestos:
    active, active voice
    passive, passive voice
    * * *

     

    voz sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) voice;

    tener la voz tomada to be hoarse;
    hablar en voz baja to speak quietly;
    en voz alta ‹ hablar› loudly;

    ‹ leer› aloud, out loud;

    una pieza a cuatro voces (Mús) a piece for four voices, a four-part piece;
    voz activa/pasiva (Ling) active/passive voice
    2
    ◊ voces sustantivo femenino plural ( gritos) shouting, shouts (pl);

    hablar a voces to talk in loud voices
    voz sustantivo femenino
    1 (sonido) voice
    a media voz, in a low voice, softly
    de viva voz, verbally
    en voz alta, aloud, out loud
    en voz baja, in a low voice, quietly
    Rad TV (grabación) voz en off, voice-over
    2 (grito) shout: dales una voz, give them a shout
    a voces, shouting
    3 (opinión) no tener ni voz ni voto, to have no say in the matter
    4 Ling (palabra) voice
    (forma verbal) voice
    5 Mús (persona que canta) voice
    a tres voces, for three voices
    ♦ Locuciones: (divulgar una noticia) correr la voz: corre la voz para que se entere todo el mundo, spread the rumours so that everybody finds out about it
    figurado llevar la voz cantante, to rule the roost o to call the shots
    pedir algo a voces, to be crying out for sthg
    a voz en grito/a voz en cuello, at the top of one's voice
    figurado secreto a voces, open secret
    ' voz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - acre
    - aguardentosa
    - aguardentoso
    - aguda
    - agudo
    - ahuecar
    - alarma
    - alta
    - alto
    - apagada
    - apagado
    - bajar
    - bajinis
    - cadenciosa
    - cadencioso
    - cantante
    - casarse
    - cascada
    - cascado
    - chillar
    - chillón
    - chillona
    - dar
    - desconocida
    - desconocido
    - desgarrada
    - desgarrado
    - despacio
    - educar
    - entrecortada
    - entrecortado
    - escala
    - gallo
    - grave
    - grito
    - hueca
    - hueco
    - inflexión
    - levantar
    - llamada
    - modular
    - mortecina
    - mortecino
    - nasal
    - operarse
    - penetrante
    - permitirse
    - quebrarse
    - quiebro
    English:
    A
    - aback
    - abrasive
    - active
    - aloud
    - angry
    - be
    - bear
    - belt out
    - break
    - breath
    - breathe
    - broken
    - carry
    - catch
    - convulse
    - crack
    - croak
    - deep
    - deepen
    - doubtful
    - drone
    - drop
    - echo
    - evenly
    - faint
    - falter
    - gasp out
    - get
    - grating
    - grave
    - groom
    - gruff
    - harsh
    - have
    - hollow
    - indistinct
    - lay up
    - level
    - light
    - loud
    - menace
    - miss
    - muffled
    - nasal
    - offstage
    - out
    - piping
    - quaver
    - quiet
    * * *
    voz nf
    1. [sonido, habla] voice;
    tiene la voz aguda she has a shrill voice;
    tiene muy buena voz she has a fine o very good voice;
    la voz de la conciencia the voice of conscience;
    canta bien pero le falta voz she's a good singer, but her voice lacks power;
    mudó la voz his voice broke;
    me quedé sin voz I lost my voice;
    tener la voz tomada to be hoarse;
    le temblaba la voz her voice was trembling;
    aclarar o [m5] aclararse la voz to clear one's throat
    voz en off Cine voice-over; Teatro voice offstage
    2. [tono]
    en voz alta aloud;
    en voz baja softly, in a low voice;
    hablaban en voz baja they spoke in a low voice;
    muchos comentan, en voz baja, que ha sido un fracaso many people are saying under their breath that it's been a failure;
    a voz en cuello o [m5] grito at the top of one's voice;
    alzar la voz (a alguien) to raise one's voice (to sb);
    bajar la voz to lower one's voice;
    levantar la voz a alguien to raise one's voice to sb;
    ¡levanta la voz! speak up!;
    a media voz in a low voice, under one's breath;
    de viva voz: informó de viva voz a los periodistas he told the journalists personally;
    quiero agradecérselo de viva voz I want to thank her in person
    voz de mando order, command
    3. [grito] shout;
    dar una voz a alguien to give sb a shout;
    ¡qué voces! ¿por qué hablan tan alto? what a racket! why do they have to speak so loud?;
    dar voces to shout;
    decir algo a voces to shout sth;
    llamar a alguien a voces to shout to sb;
    dar la voz de alarma o [m5] alerta to raise the alarm;
    estar pidiendo algo a voces to be crying out for sth
    4. [opinión] voice;
    [derecho a opinar] say;
    cada vez se oyen más voces discrepantes more and more voices are being raised in disagreement;
    la voz de la experiencia/del pueblo the voice of experience/of the people;
    tener voz y voto to have a say;
    no tener ni voz ni voto to have no say in the matter;
    Fam
    la voz de su amo: han acusado a la televisión pública de no ser más que la voz de su amo public television has been accused of being little more than a mouthpiece for the government
    5. [cantante] voice;
    una de las mejores voces del país one of the best voices in the country;
    una pieza para dos voces a piece for two voices;
    llevar la voz cantante to call the tune
    6. [rumor] rumour;
    corre la voz de que va a dimitir people are saying that she's going to resign;
    ¡corre la voz! pass it on!
    7. [vocablo] word
    8. Gram voice
    voz activa active voice;
    voz pasiva passive voice
    * * *
    f
    1 voice;
    a media voz in a hushed o low voice;
    a voz en grito at the top of one’s voice;
    en voz alta aloud;
    en voz baja in a low voice;
    alzar la voz a alguien raise one’s voice to s.o.;
    conocer a alguien en la voz recognize s.o.’s voice;
    a una voz with one voice, as one;
    quería contártelo de viva voz he wanted to tell you in person;
    llevar la voz cantante fig call the tune, call the shots;
    no tener voz ni voto fig not have a say;
    tener voz y voto POL have full voting rights;
    dar voces shout;
    estar pidiendo a voces algo be crying out for sth;
    hacer correr la voz spread the word;
    a dos voces MÚS for two voices
    2 fig
    rumor, Br
    rumour
    * * *
    voz nf, pl voces
    1) : voice
    2) : opinion, say
    3) grito: shout, yell
    4) : sound
    5) vocablo: word, term
    6) : rumor
    7)
    a voz en cuello : at the top of one's lungs
    8)
    dar voces : to shout
    9)
    en voz alta : aloud, in a loud voice
    en voz baja : softly, in a low voice
    * * *
    voz n
    1. (en general) voice
    2. (grito) shout
    ¡no me des esas voces! don't shout!
    en voz alta out loud / aloud

    Spanish-English dictionary > voz

  • 9 Social Democratic Party / Partido Social Democrático

    (PSD)
       One of the two major political parties in democratic Portugal. It was established originally as the Popular Democratic Party / Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) in May 1974, following the Revolution of 25 April 1974 that overthrew the Estado Novo. The PPD had its roots in the "liberal wing" of the União Nacional, the single, legal party or movement allowed under the Estado Novo during the last phase of that regime, under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano. A number of future PPD leaders, such as Francisco Sá Carneiro and Francisco Balsemão, hoped to reform the Estado Novo from within, but soon became discouraged. After the 1974 Revolution, the PPD participated in two general elections (April 1975 and April 1976), which were crucial for the establishment and consolidation of democracy, and the party won sufficient votes to become the second largest political party after the Socialist Party (PS) in the number of seats held in the legislature, the Assembly of the Republic. The PPD voting results in those two elections were 26.4 percent and 24.4 percent, respectively.
       After the 1976 elections, the party changed its name from Partido Popular Democrático to Partido Social Democrático (PSD). As political opinion swung from the left to the center and center-right, and with the leadership of Francisco Sá Carneiro, the PSD gained greater popularity and strength, and from 1979 on, the party played an important role in government. After Sá Carneiro died in the air crash of December 1980, he was replaced as party chief and then prime minister by Francisco Balsemão, and then by Aníbal Cavaco Silva. As successors, these two leaders guided the PSD to a number of electoral victories, especially beginning in 1985. After 1987, the PSD held a majority of seats in parliament, a situation that lasted until 1995, when the Socialist Party (PS) won the election.
       The PSD's principal political program has featured the de-Marxi-fication of the 1976 Constitution and the economic system, a free-market economy with privatization of many state enterprises, and close ties with the European Economic Community (EEC) and subsequently the European Union (EU). After the PSD lost several general elections in 1995 and 1999, and following the withdrawal from office of former prime minister Cavaco Silva, a leadership succession crisis occurred in the party. The party leadership shifted from Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa to Manuel Durão Barroso, and, in 2004, Pedro Santana Lopes.
       During 2000 and 2001, as Portugal's economic situation worsened, the PS's popularity waned. In the December 2001 municipal elections, the PSD decisively defeated the PS and, as a result, Prime Minister António Guterres resigned. Parliamentary elections in March 2002 resulted in a Social Democratic victory, although its margin of victory over the PS was small (40 percent to 38 percent). Upon becoming premier in the spring of 2002, then, PSD leader Durão Barroso, in order to hold a slim majority of seats in the Assembly of the Republic, was obliged to govern in a coalition with the Popular Party (PP), formerly known as the Christian Democratic Party (CDS). Although the PSD had ousted the PS from office, the party confronted formidable economic and social problems. When Durão Barroso resigned to become president of the EU Commission, Pedro Santana Lopes became the PSD's leader, as prime minister in July 2004. Under Santana Lopes's leadership, the PSD lost the parliamentary elections of 2005 to the PS. Since then, the PSD has sought to regain its dominant position with the Portuguese electorate. It made some progress in doing so when its former leader, Cavaco Silva, was elected president of the Republic of 2006.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Social Democratic Party / Partido Social Democrático

  • 10 post

    I pəust noun
    (a long piece of wood, metal etc, usually fixed upright in the ground: The notice was nailed to a post; a gate-post; the winning-post.) poste
    - keep somebody posted
    - keep posted
    II
    1. pəust noun
    ((the system of collecting, transporting and delivering) letters, parcels etc: I sent the book by post; Has the post arrived yet?; Is there any post for me?)

    2. verb
    (to send (a letter etc) by post: He posted the parcel yesterday.) mandar por correo
    - postal
    - postage stamp
    - postal order
    - postbox
    - postcard
    - postcode
    - post-free
    - post-haste
    - posthaste
    - postman
    - postmark
    - postmaster
    - post office
    III
    1. pəust noun
    1) (a job: He has a post in the government; a teaching post.) puesto de trabajo, cargo
    2) (a place of duty: The soldier remained at his post.) puesto
    3) (a settlement, camp etc especially in a distant or unpopulated area: a trading-post.) puesto

    2. verb
    (to send somewhere on duty: He was posted abroad.) destinar; apostar

    IV pəust
    post1 n
    1. poste / palo / estaca
    2. correo
    3. puesto
    post2 vb enviar / mandar
    could you post this letter for me? ¿me puedes echar esta carta al correo?
    tr[pəʊst]
    1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (mail) correo; (collection) recogida; (delivery) reparto
    ■ is there anything for me in the post? ¿hay alguna carta para mí en el correo?
    1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (send - letter, parcel) enviar por correo, mandar por correo, echar al correo; (put in postbox) echar al buzón
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to keep somebody posted mantener a alguien al corriente, tener a alguien al corriente
    to post something to somebody mandar algo a alguien (por correo)
    post office Correos, oficina de correos
    post office box apartado de correos
    ————————
    tr[pəʊst]
    1 (job) puesto, empleo; (important position) cargo
    2 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL puesto
    1 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL destinar, apostar
    2 (employee) destinar, mandar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to take up one's post (job) ocupar el cargo, entrar en funciones
    ————————
    tr[pəʊst]
    1 (of wood) estaca, poste nombre masculino
    1 (notice, list) fijar, poner, exponer
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    'Post no bills' "Prohibido fijar carteles"
    finishing post poste nombre masculino de llegada
    post ['po:st] vt
    1) mail: echar al correo, mandar por correo
    2) announce: anunciar
    they've posted the grades: han anunciado las notas
    3) affix: fijar, poner (noticias, etc.)
    4) station: apostar
    5)
    to keep (someone) posted : tener al corriente (a alguien)
    post n
    1) pole: poste m, palo m
    2) station: puesto m
    3) camp: puesto m (militar)
    4) job, position: puesto m, empleo m, cargo m
    n.
    • apostadero s.m.
    • buzón s.m.
    • cargo s.m.
    • correo s.m.
    • destino s.m.
    • estafeta s.f.
    • guarnición s.f.
    • mala s.f.
    • poste s.m.
    • puesto s.m.
    v.
    • apostar v.
    • contabilizar v.
    • echar al correo v.
    • fijar v.
    • mandar por correo v.
    • pegar v.
    • situar v.

    I pəʊst
    mass noun
    1)
    a) c ( pole) poste m

    as deaf as a post — más sordo que una tapia

    b) u ( in horse racing) poste m

    the finishing/starting post — el poste de llegada/salida, la meta/salida; pip II

    2) u ( mail) (esp BrE) correo m

    to send something by post o through the post — mandar or enviar* algo por correo

    by separate post — en sobre aparte or por separado

    it's in the post — ya ha sido enviado or está en camino

    was there any post this morning? — ¿llegó alguna carta esta mañana?

    the first/second post — ( delivery) el primer/segundo reparto; ( collection) la primera/segunda recogida

    to catch/miss the post — llegar* a/perder* la recogida

    3) c
    a) ( job) puesto m, empleo m

    to take up one's post — entrar en funciones, empezar* a trabajar

    b) ( important position) cargo m
    c) ( place of duty) puesto m
    4) c ( station) puesto m

    a frontier/customs post — un puesto fronterizo/de aduanas


    II
    1)
    a) ( position) \<\<policeman/soldier\>\> apostar
    b) ( send) \<\<employee/diplomat\>\> destinar, mandar
    2) ( mail) (esp BrE) \<\<letter/parcel\>\> echar al correo; ( drop in postbox) echar al buzón

    to post something to somebody — mandarle or enviarle* algo a alguien (por correo)

    3)
    a) ( announce) \<\<meeting/reward\>\> anunciar

    to keep somebody posted — mantener* or tener* a alguien al tanto or al corriente

    b) post (up) \<\<list/notice\>\> poner*, fijar

    I [pǝʊst]
    1. N
    1) [of wood, metal] poste m; (also: goalpost) poste m (de la portería); (for fencing, marking) estaca f; bedpost, deaf 1., 1), doorpost, pillar 1.
    2) (Sport)

    • the starting/ finishing post — el poste de salida/llegada

    • the winning post — la meta

    - be left at the post
    first 1., pip III
    3) (on Internet) mensaje m
    2. VT
    1) (=put up) [+ bill, notice] (also: post up) poner
    2) (=announce) [+ exam results] hacer público, sacar

    • to post sth/sb (as) missing — dar algo/a algn por desaparecido

    3) (Comm) (also: post up) [+ transaction] anotar, registrar; (US) (St Ex) [+ profit, loss] registrar
    4) (=inform)

    • to keep sb posted (on or about sth) — tener or mantener a algn al corriente or al tanto or informado (de algo)

    5) (US) (Sport) [+ time, score] registrar, obtener
    6) (Internet) colgar, publicar
    3.
    CPD

    post hole N — agujero m de poste


    II [pǝʊst]
    1. N
    1) (Brit) (=mail service) correo m

    • by post or through the post — por correo

    • first-class post — correo m preferente

    • your cheque is in the post — su cheque está en el correo

    • second-class post — correo m normal

    first-class 2., registered 2., return 1., 1)
    2) (=letters) correo m

    is there any post for me? — ¿hay correo para mí?

    3) (=office) correos m; (=mailbox) buzón m

    • to drop or put sth in the post — echar algo al correo or al buzón

    to drop or put sth in the post to sb — enviar or mandar algo a algn

    4) (=collection) recogida f; (=delivery) entrega f

    the post goes at 8.30 — la recogida del correo es a las 8.30, recogen el correo a las 8.30

    • to catch the post — echar el correo antes de la recogida

    • first post — (=collection) primera recogida f; (=delivery) primer reparto m, primera entrega f

    • last post — (=collection) última recogida

    • to miss the post — no llegar a tiempo para la recogida del correo

    • it will arrive in the second post — llegue en el segundo reparto

    5) (=cost) gastos mpl de envío

    • post and packing — gastos mpl de envío

    6) (Hist) (=rider) correo m; (=coach) posta f
    2.
    VT (=send by post) (also: post off) mandar or enviar por correo; (Brit) (=put in mailbox) echar al correo or al buzón

    • to post sth to sb — mandar or enviar algo a algn por correo

    he posted a message to a newsgroup — (Internet) dejó un mensaje en un grupo de discusión

    3.
    CPD

    post horn N — corneta f del correo

    post office N — oficina f de correos, correos m, correo m (LAm)

    I'm going to the post office — voy a correos, voy al correo (LAm)

    the Post Office N — ≈ la Dirección General de Correos

    post office box N — apartado m de correos, casilla f (postal or de correo(s)) (LAm)

    Post Office Savings Bank N — ≈ Caja f Postal de Ahorros

    post office worker N — empleado(-a) m / f de correos


    III [pǝʊst]
    1. N
    1) (=job) (gen) puesto m; (high-ranking) cargo m

    • to hold a post — (gen) ocupar un puesto; (high-ranking) ocupar un cargo

    • to take up one's post — (gen) ocupar el puesto; (high-ranking) entrar en funciones, ocupar el cargo

    2) (Mil) (=place of duty, stronghold) puesto m; (for gun) emplazamiento m

    • at one's post — en su puesto

    • border or frontier post — puesto m fronterizo

    • first post — (toque m de) diana f

    • last post — (toque m de) retreta f

    command 3., customs 2., observation 2.
    2. VT
    1) (Mil) [+ sentry, guard] apostar
    2) (Brit) (=send) [+ diplomat, soldier] destinar
    3) (US) (Jur) [+ collateral] pagar

    • to post bail — pagar la fianza

    3.
    CPD

    post exchange N — (US) (Mil) economato m militar, cooperativa f militar

    * * *

    I [pəʊst]
    mass noun
    1)
    a) c ( pole) poste m

    as deaf as a post — más sordo que una tapia

    b) u ( in horse racing) poste m

    the finishing/starting post — el poste de llegada/salida, la meta/salida; pip II

    2) u ( mail) (esp BrE) correo m

    to send something by post o through the post — mandar or enviar* algo por correo

    by separate post — en sobre aparte or por separado

    it's in the post — ya ha sido enviado or está en camino

    was there any post this morning? — ¿llegó alguna carta esta mañana?

    the first/second post — ( delivery) el primer/segundo reparto; ( collection) la primera/segunda recogida

    to catch/miss the post — llegar* a/perder* la recogida

    3) c
    a) ( job) puesto m, empleo m

    to take up one's post — entrar en funciones, empezar* a trabajar

    b) ( important position) cargo m
    c) ( place of duty) puesto m
    4) c ( station) puesto m

    a frontier/customs post — un puesto fronterizo/de aduanas


    II
    1)
    a) ( position) \<\<policeman/soldier\>\> apostar
    b) ( send) \<\<employee/diplomat\>\> destinar, mandar
    2) ( mail) (esp BrE) \<\<letter/parcel\>\> echar al correo; ( drop in postbox) echar al buzón

    to post something to somebody — mandarle or enviarle* algo a alguien (por correo)

    3)
    a) ( announce) \<\<meeting/reward\>\> anunciar

    to keep somebody posted — mantener* or tener* a alguien al tanto or al corriente

    b) post (up) \<\<list/notice\>\> poner*, fijar

    English-spanish dictionary > post

  • 11 raison

    raison [ʀεzɔ̃]
    1. feminine noun
       a. ( = discernement) reason
    • manger/boire plus que de raison to eat/drink more than is sensible ;  → mariage
       b. ( = motif) reason
    • pour quelles raisons l'avez-vous renvoyé ? what were your reasons for firing him?
    • pour raisons familiales/de santé for family/health reasons
    • il a refusé pour la simple raison que... he refused simply because...
    • j'ai de bonnes raisons de penser que... I have good reason to think that...
       c. ( = argument) reason
    • ce n'est pas une raison ! that's no excuse! (PROV) la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure(PROV) might is right
    • à plus forte raison si/quand... all the more so if/when...
       e. (locutions)
    • tu as bien raison ! you're absolutely right!
    • avoir raison de qn/qch to get the better of sb/sth► donner raison à qn [événement] to prove sb right
    • à raison de 100 € par caisse at the rate of 100 euros per crate
    * * *
    ʀɛzɔ̃
    1) ( motif) reason

    raison d'espoir — grounds (pl) for hope

    à or avec raison — rightly

    3) ( rationalité) reason [U]

    ramener quelqu'un à la raison — to bring somebody to his/her senses

    avoir raison de quelqu'un/quelque chose — to get the better of somebody/something

    à raison de — at the rate of; rime

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure — Proverbe might is right Proverbe

    * * *
    ʀɛzɔ̃ nf
    1) (= jugement, discernement) reason

    perdre la raison — to lose one's mind, figto take leave of one's senses, to lose one's mind

    2) (= motif)

    Raison de plus pour y aller. — All the more reason for going.

    en raison de (= à cause de) — because of

    en raison du mauvais temps — because of the bad weather, due to the bad weather

    3) (= proportion)

    Tu as raison. — You're right.

    donner raison à qn [personne] — to agree with sb, [fait] to prove sb right

    entendre raison — to listen to reason, to see reason

    plus que de raison — too much, more than is reasonable

    * * *
    raison nf
    1 ( motif) reason; n'avoir aucune raison de to have no reason to; non sans quelque raison not without reason; pour la bonne/la simple raison que for the very good/the simple reason that; pour raison(s) de santé for health reasons; pour des raisons économiques/humanitaires/politiques for economic/humanitarian/political reasons; pour des raisons d'économie/d'hygiène for reasons of economy/of hygiene; on ne sait pour quelle raison for unknown reasons; il y a une raison à cela there's a reason for that; avoir toutes les raisons de penser/d'être inquiet to have every reason to believe/be worried; avoir de bonnes raisons de penser/soupçonner que to have good reasons for believing/suspecting that; raison d'agir reason for action; raison d'accepter/d'acheter/d'emprunter/d'interdire reason for accepting/buying/borrowing /prohibiting; raison de plus pour faire/ne pas faire all the more reason to do/not to do; en raison d'une panne/d'un désaccord/de la situation owing to a breakdown/a disagreement/the situation; à plus forte raison even more so, especially; à juste raison quite rightly; avec raison justifiably; comme de raison as one might expect; raison d'inquiétude/d'optimisme cause for alarm/for optimism; raison d'espoir grounds (pl) for hope; se rendre aux raisons de qn to yield to sb's arguments;
    2 ( opposé à tort) avoir raison to be right; ne pas avoir entièrement raison not to be completely right; avoir un peu/mille fois raison to be partly/absolutely right; à or avec raison rightly; donner (entièrement) raison à qn to agree with sb (completely); obtenir raison to obtain satisfaction;
    3 ( rationalité) reason ¢; contraire à la raison contrary to reason; la folie l'a emporté sur la raison madness got the better of reason; se rendre à la raison to see reason; faire entendre raison à qn to make sb see reason; il ne veut pas entendre raison he won't see reason; ramener qn à la raison to bring sb to his/her senses; perdre la raison to lose one's mind; en appeler à la raison to appeal to people's common sense; ne plus avoir toute sa raison to be no longer in full possession of one's faculties; il faut se faire une raison you just have to resign yourself to it; elle s'est fait une raison she resigned herself to it; se faire une raison de qch to resign oneself to sth; conforme à la raison rational; plus que de raison more than is sensible; avoir raison de qn/qch to get the better of sb/sth; ⇒ rime;
    4 Math ( rapport) ratio; raison d'une progression ratio of a progression; à raison de at the rate of; trente films à raison de trois films par jour thirty films at the rate of three films a day; en raison directe/inverse de in direct/inverse proportion to.
    raison d'État Pol reasons (pl) of State; raison d'être Philos raison d'être; ( de vivre) reason for living; n'avoir plus de raison d'être to be no longer justified; n'avoir aucune raison d'être to have no justification; avoir sa raison d'être to have its justification; raison sociale Jur company ou corporate name.
    [rɛzɔ̃] nom féminin
    1. [motif] reason
    quelle est la raison de...? what's the reason for...?
    ce n'est pas une raison!, c'est pas une raison! that's no excuse!
    qu'elle se débrouille toute seule, y a pas de raison! (familier) there's no reason why she shouldn't sort it out for herself!
    2. [lucidité]
    il n'a pas/plus toute sa raison he's not/he's no longer in his right mind
    3. [bon sens] reason
    faire entendre raison à quelqu'un, ramener quelqu'un à la raison to make somebody see reason
    rappeler quelqu'un à la raison to bring somebody to his/her senses
    plus que de raison to excess, more than is reasonable
    4. [faculté de penser] reason
    en raison inverse/directe (de) in inverse/direct proportion (to)
    b. [événement] to prove somebody right
    fais-toi une raison, c'est trop tard you'll just have to put up with ou to accept the fact that it's too late
    avoir raison de quelqu'un/quelque chose (soutenu) to get the better of somebody/something, to overcome somebody/something
    ————————
    à raison de locution prépositionnelle
    comme de raison locution adverbiale
    ————————
    en raison de locution prépositionnelle
    1. [à cause de] on account of, because of
    2. [en proportion de] according to
    ————————
    raison d'État nom féminin
    ————————
    raison d'être nom féminin
    ————————
    raison sociale nom féminin
    corporate ou company name
    You're probably right. Vous avez probablement raison
    I suppose so. Peut-être bien
    That's one way of looking at it, I suppose. C'est une façon de voir les choses, effectivement
    If you say so... Si tu le dis...
    I see what you mean. Je vois ce que tu veux dire
    Point taken. D'accord
    You've got a point there. C'est juste

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > raison

  • 12 abandono

    m.
    1 leaving.
    abandono de hogar (law) desertion (of family, spouse)
    2 state of abandon (descuido) (de aspecto, jardín).
    3 abandonment, desolation, abandoning, desertion.
    4 personal carelessness, neglect, abandonment, carelessness.
    5 departure.
    6 renunciation.
    7 complete surrender.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: abandonar.
    * * *
    1 (acción) abandoning, desertion
    2 (idea, actividad) giving up
    3 (descuido) neglect, lack of care
    4 (dejadez) apathy, carelessness
    5 DEPORTE withdrawal
    6 MARÍTIMO abandonment
    \
    en estado de abandono in an abandoned state
    * * *
    noun m.
    3) withdrawal, resignation
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=acción)
    a) [de lugar]
    b) [de actividad, proyecto] abandonment

    votaron a favor del abandono del leninismo — they voted in favour of renouncing Leninism, they voted for the abandonment of Leninism

    c) (Jur) [de cónyuge] desertion; [de hijos] abandonment

    abandono de la escuela — = abandono escolar

    abandono del domicilio conyugal, abandono del hogar — desertion

    abandono de tierras — land set aside, set-aside

    2) (Dep) [antes de la prueba] withdrawal; [durante la prueba] retirement; (Ajedrez) resignation
    3) (=descuido) neglect, abandon frm
    4) (=vicio) indulgence
    5) (=soledad) desolation
    6) Méx (=ligereza) abandon, ease
    * * *
    1)
    a) (frml) ( de un lugar)
    b) ( de una persona) abandonment
    2) (Dep) (antes de la carrera, competición) withdrawal; (iniciada la carrera, competición) retirement; ( en ajedrez) resignation
    3) (descuido, desatención) neglect
    * * *
    1)
    a) (frml) ( de un lugar)
    b) ( de una persona) abandonment
    2) (Dep) (antes de la carrera, competición) withdrawal; (iniciada la carrera, competición) retirement; ( en ajedrez) resignation
    3) (descuido, desatención) neglect
    * * *
    abandono1
    1 = abandonment, betrayal, desertion, surrender, shift away from, drop-off, move away from, defection, pullout, disuse.

    Ex: Practical considerations led to the abandonment of this idea.

    Ex: The author explores the major themes of the novel: self-identity; love; and betrayal.
    Ex: The author also covers the electronic book and the desertion of libraries by researchers in favour of other information sources = El autor también habla del libro electrónico y del abandono de las bibliotecas por parte de los investigadores en favor de otras fuentes de información.
    Ex: This would require central funding, an appropriate communications infrastructure and the surrender by universities of their autonomy over their local libraries.
    Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.
    Ex: There is a subsidy mechanism that lowers rates in order to avoid drop-offs from the network.
    Ex: This is a radical move away from the accepted principle of using the actual item as the primary source of cataloguing data.
    Ex: The longer the project is likely to last, the more important it is to be sure that it is designed to cope with factors such as defection of one of the partners.
    Ex: NATO is 'disappointed' at Russian pullout from arms treaty.
    Ex: After a period of disuse at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Caslon roman was revived, and has been available ever since from Caslon's successors.
    * abandono de = flight from.
    * índice de abandono escolar = dropout rate.
    * tasa de abandono escolar = dropout rate.

    abandono2
    2 = neglect, dereliction, negligence, neglection, abandon, dilapidation, lassitude.

    Ex: Left hand truncation, which involves the neglect of prefixes or the elimination of characters from the beginning of a word, is also possible in many systems.

    Ex: The energy crisis & the environmental crisis are rooted not in a stony ground of technological intractability, but in irresponsibility & dereliction.
    Ex: Damage of library materials is often caused by carelessness and negligence.
    Ex: After decades of neglection, nowadays there is an effort to bring these houses back to their original glory.
    Ex: The article 'Enlightenment and lubricity' examines paintings depicting women reading and responding with sensual abandon to the word.
    Ex: If Central Park is to be rescued from the general dilapidation it is much money and energy intelligently directed must be expended.
    Ex: His lassitude does not appear to emanate from laziness, but rather from the stirrings of nihilistic restlessness.
    * abandono de menores = child neglect.
    * en el abandono = in the wilderness.
    * en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated.
    * estado de abandono = state of neglect.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( frml)
    (de un lugar): la policía ordenó el abandono del recinto the police ordered everyone to leave o vacate the premises
    el capitán ordenó el abandono del barco the captain gave the order to abandon ship
    2 (de una persona) abandonment
    Compuestos:
    noncompletion, dropping out
    desertion
    abandonment of employment
    B ( Dep)
    1 (antes de iniciarse la carrera, competición) withdrawal
    2
    (una vez iniciada la carrera, competición): el abandono de Garrido se produjo en la quinta vuelta Garrido pulled out o retired on the fifth lap, Garrido's retirement came on the fifth lap
    el abandono del campeón se produjo en la jugada número 30 the champion's resignation came o the champion resigned on move 30
    C
    (descuido, desatención): el edificio se halla en un lamentable estado de abandono the building is in a sorry state of neglect
    da lástima ver el abandono en que se encuentran estos jardines it's terrible to see how overrun o overgrown these gardens have become, it's terrible to see how these gardens have been allowed to fall into neglect
    dejó a su familia en el más completo abandono he left his family utterly destitute
    la ropa que lleva da una imagen de abandono the clothes he wears make him look slovenly o scruffy
    * * *

    Del verbo abandonar: ( conjugate abandonar)

    abandono es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    abandonó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    abandonar    
    abandono
    abandonar ( conjugate abandonar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (frml) ‹ lugar› to leave

    b) ‹familia/bebé› to leave, abandon;

    ‹marido/amante› to leave;
    ‹coche/barco› to abandon;

    2 [ fuerzas] to desert
    3
    a) ‹actividad/propósito/esperanza› to give up;

    ◊ abandono los estudios to drop out of school/college

    b) (Dep) ‹carrera/partido› to retire from, pull out of

    verbo intransitivo (Dep)
    a) (en carrera, competición) to pull out


    (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
    abandonarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( entregarse) abandonose a algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself to sth
    2 ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go
    abandono sustantivo masculino
    1 ( de una persona) abandonment;

    2 (Dep) (antes de la carrera, competición) withdrawal;
    (iniciada la carrera, competición) retirement;
    ( en ajedrez) resignation
    3 (descuido, desatención) neglect
    abandonar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (irse de) to leave, quit: tenemos que vernos hoy, porque mañana abandono Madrid, we've got to see eachother today because I'm leaving Madrid tomorrow
    2 (a una persona, a un animal) to abandon
    abandonar a alguien a su suerte, to leave someone to his fate
    3 (un proyecto, los estudios) to give up
    4 Dep (retirarse de una carrera) to drop out of
    (un deporte) to drop
    II vi (desfallecer) to give up: los resultados no son los esperados, pero no abandones, the results aren't as good as we expected, but don't give up
    abandono sustantivo masculino
    1 (marcha de un lugar) abandoning, desertion
    2 (de proyecto, idea) giving up
    3 (de aseo) neglect
    4 (despreocupación) carelessness
    ' abandono' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonar
    - docencia
    - entrega
    - olvido
    - pudrir
    - recinto
    - renuncia
    English:
    angrily
    - climb down
    - desertion
    - drop out
    - dump
    - intimidate
    - leave
    - neglect
    - self-neglect
    - need
    - walk
    - withdrawal
    * * *
    1. [descuido] [de aspecto, jardín] state of abandon;
    [de estudios, obligaciones] neglect;
    2. [de lugar]
    los bomberos ordenaron el abandono del edificio the firemen instructed everyone to leave the building, the firemen had the building evacuated;
    el abandono de su puesto le costó un arresto al soldado the soldier was placed in confinement for abandoning his post
    3. [de hijo, proyecto] abandonment;
    el abandono de animales se incrementa tras las Navidades there is a rise in the number of animals abandoned after Christmas;
    el movimiento defiende el abandono de la energía nuclear the movement is in favour of abolishing the use of nuclear energy;
    han anunciado el abandono de la violencia they have announced that they are going to give up violence;
    su desilusión lo llevó al abandono de la profesión he was so disillusioned that he left the profession
    Der abandono de hogar desertion [of family, spouse]; UE abandono de tierras:
    el gobierno está fomentando el abandono de tierras the government is promoting land set-aside
    4. [entrega] abandon, abandonment;
    se entregó con abandono a su amante she gave herself with abandon to her lover
    5. [de competición, carrera] withdrawal;
    el abandono se produjo en el kilómetro 10 he pulled out after 10 kilometres;
    ganar por abandono to win by default
    * * *
    m
    1 abandonment;
    abandono de la energía nuclear abandonment of nuclear power
    2 DEP de carrera retirement
    3
    :
    en un estado de abandono in a state of neglect
    * * *
    1) : abandonment
    2) : neglect
    3) : withdrawal
    ganar por abandono: to win by default

    Spanish-English dictionary > abandono

  • 13 avant

    avant [avɑ̃]
    ━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━
    1. <
       a. (temps) before
    ► avant de (+ infinitif) before
       b. (durée) for
       c. (lieu) before
       d. (priorité) before ; (dans une liste, un classement) ahead of
    ► avant tout, avant toute chose ( = ce qui est le plus important) above all ; ( = tout d'abord) first
    • avant tout, il faut éviter la guerre above all war must be avoided
    2. <
       a. ( = auparavant) first
    ► d'avant ( = précédent) previous
       b. ( = autrefois)
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Lorsque l'adverbe avant signifie autrefois, cette notion est généralement exprimée en anglais par used to, qui est suivi de l'infinitif.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • avant, c'était très beau ici it used to be very beautiful here
    • avant, je n'aimais pas la physique I didn't use to like physics
       c. (durée) before
       d. (lieu) tu vois la boulangerie ? le fleuriste est juste avant you see the baker's? the florist's is just this side of it
    ► en avant [mouvement] forward ; [position] in front
    • en avant, marche ! forward march!
    • partez en avant, on vous rejoindra you go on ahead, we'll catch up with you
    3. <
       a. ( = partie antérieure) [d'avion, voiture, train] front ; [de navire] bows
       b. ( = joueur) forward
    4. <
    ( = antérieur) front
    * * *

    I
    1. avɑ̃
    1) ( dans le temps) gén before, beforehand; ( d'abord) first
    2) ( dans l'espace) before

    tu vois l'église, j'habite (juste) avant — can you see the church? I live (just) before it

    refuser de s'engager plus avant — lit to refuse to go any further; fig to refuse to get any more involved


    2.
    1) ( dans le temps) before

    avant mon départ/retour — before I leave/come back

    avant le 1er juillet — by 1 July

    2) ( dans l'espace) before

    faire passer quelqu'un/quelque chose avant quelqu'un/quelque chose — to put somebody/something before somebody/something

    avant tout, avant toute chose — ( surtout) above all; ( d'abord) first and foremost


    3.
    avant de locution prépositive

    4.
    avant que locution conjonctive

    5.
    en avant locution adverbiale forward(s)

    se pencher/faire un pas en avant — to lean/to take a step forward(s)

    en avant, marche! — Armée forward march!

    en avant toute! — Nautisme, fig full steam ahead!

    en avant la musique! — (colloq) off we go!

    mettre quelqu'un/quelque chose en avant — to put somebody/something forward


    6.
    en avant de locution prépositive ahead of [groupe]

    II
    1. avɑ̃
    adjectif invariable [roue, siège, patte] front

    2.
    nom masculin

    ••
    Lorsque avant est adverbe il se traduit par before sauf lorsqu'il signifie ‘en premier lieu, d'abord’; il se traduit alors par first: si tu prends la route, mange quelque chose avant = if you're going to drive, have something to eat first
    Lorsque avant est préposition il se traduit par before sauf dans le cas où une limite de temps est précisée; il se traduit alors par by: à retourner avant le 30 mars = to be returned by 30 March
    avant entre dans la composition de nombreux mots qui s'écrivent avec un trait d'union ( avant-hier, avant-guerre, avant-coureur etc). Ces mots sont des entrées à part et on les trouvera dans la nomenclature du dictionnaire. Utilisé avant un nom pour désigner une période précédant un événement ou l'avènement d'une personne il se traduit par pre- et forme alors un groupe adjectival que l'on fait suivre du nom approprié: l'avant-1945/l'avant-Thatcher/l'avant-sommet = the pre-1945 period/the pre-Thatcher era/the pre-summit discussions
    * * *
    avɑ̃
    1. prép
    2. adv
    3. adj inv
    4. nm
    1) [véhicule] front

    à l'avant — in the front, in front

    2) SPORT (= joueur) forward

    aller de l'avant — to steam ahead, to make good progress

    en avant — forward, forwards Grande-Bretagne

    Il a fait un pas en avant. — He took a step forward.

    avant que (avec subjonctif) ; avant qu'il ne parte; avant qu'il parte — before he leaves

    avant qu'il ne pleuve; avant qu'il pleuve — before it rains

    avant tout (= surtout) — above all

    * * *
    I.
    avant ⇒ Note d'usage
    A adv
    1 ( dans le temps) gén before, beforehand; ( d'abord) first; que faisait-il avant what was he doing before?; tu n'aurais pas pu le dire avant? couldn't you have said so before(hand)?; si j'avais su cela avant j'aurais… if I'd known that before(hand) I would have…; quelques heures/jours avant a few hours/days before; la nuit/la semaine/le mois avant the night/the week/the month before; peu avant not long before (that); bien avant long before; le bus/train d'avant the previous bus/train; les locataires d'avant the previous tenants; le cours/la séance d'avant the previous lesson/performance; repose-toi avant tu partiras ensuite rest first and then go; laquelle de ces lettres veux-tu que je tape avant? which of these letters would you like me to type first?; avant nous n'avions pas l'électricité we didn't have electricity before; aussitôt avant just before; j'avais compris longtemps avant I had understood a long time before; ce n'était pas ce lundi mais celui d'avant it was not this Monday but the previous one; la fois d'avant nous nous étions déjà perdus we got lost the last time as well; j'ai vu le film mais pas l'émission d'avant I saw the film GB ou movie US but not the programmeGB before it;
    2 ( dans l'espace) before; tu vois l'église, j'habite (juste) avant can you see the church? I live (just) before it; ‘c'est avant l'église?’-‘oui juste avant’ ‘is it before the church?’-‘yes just before it’; il l'a mentionné avant dans l'introduction he mentioned it earlier in the introduction; je crois que la dame était avant I think this lady was first; il est inutile de creuser plus avant lit, fig there's no point in digging any further; refuser de s'engager plus avant lit to refuse to go any further; fig to refuse to get any more involved;
    3 ( dans une hiérarchie) before; le T vient avant T comes before; son travail passe avant his work comes first.
    B prép
    1 ( dans le temps) before; partir/arriver avant qn to leave/to arrive before sb, to leave/to arrive before sb does; avant mon départ/retour before I leave/come back; les enfants avant les adultes children before adults; je suis partie avant la fin I left before the end; avant l'ouverture/la fermeture des magasins before the shops GB ou stores US open/close; peu avant minuit shortly before midnight; ne viens pas avant 5 heures don't come before 5 o'clock; rentrer avant la nuit/le dîner to come back before nightfall/dinner; la situation d'avant la crise/révolution the situation before the crisis/revolution; avant le 1er juillet by 1 July; le travail doit être fini avant l'été/la fin de l'année/19 heures the work must be completed by the summer/the end of the year/7 pm; j'aurai fini avant une semaine/un mois I'll have finished within a week/a month; nous partons à 11 heures, avant cela je vais travailler un peu we're leaving at 11, I'm going to do a bit of work before then; avant peu shortly; vous serez informé avant peu des nouvelles consignes you will be informed of the new orders shortly; bien/peu avant 16 heures well/a little before 4 pm; bien avant ta naissance long ou well before you were born ; avant toute explication/considération before explaining/considering anything; avant déduction/impôt before deductions/tax;
    2 ( dans l'espace) before; avant le croisement/la poste before the crossing/the post office; bien/juste avant le pont well/just before the bridge; j'étais avant vous I was in front of ou before you; ⇒ charrue;
    3 ( dans une hiérarchie) before; le grade de capitaine vient avant celui de colonel the rank of captain comes before that of colonel; faire passer qn/qch avant qn/qch to put sb/sth before sb/sth; avant tout, avant toute chose ( surtout) above all; ( d'abord) first and foremost; il recherche avant tout la tranquillité above all he wants peace and quiet; il s'agit avant tout de comprendre le principe above all, it is a matter of understanding the principle; je suis avant tout un peintre I am first and foremost a painter.
    C en avant loc adv
    1 ( dans l'espace) forward(s); se pencher/faire un pas en avant to lean/to take a step forward(s); faire deux pas en avant to take two steps forward(s); partir en avant to go ahead; en avant!, en avant la musique○! off we go!; en avant, marche! Mil, fig forward march!; en avant toute! Naut, fig full steam ahead!; mettre qch en avant to put sth forward; mettre en avant le fait que to point out the fact that; mettre qn en avant to put sb forward; se mettre en avant to push oneself forward;
    2 ( dans le temps) ahead.
    D avant de loc prép avant de faire before doing; réfléchis avant de prendre ta décision think about it before making a decision ou before you make a decision; c'est juste avant d'arriver dans le village it's just before you get to the village; agiter avant de servir shake before serving.
    E avant que loc conj avant qu'il ne soit trop tard/qu'elle ne dise non before it's too late/she says no; essaie de rentrer avant qu'il ne fasse nuit try to come back before dark; il est parti un jour avant que je n'arrive he left one day before I arrived; le gouvernement a démissionné avant que la révolte n'éclate the government resigned before the rebellion broke out.
    F en avant de loc prép ahead of [groupe, cortège].
    II.
    A adj inv [roue, siège, patte] front; la partie avant de qch the front part of sth.
    B nm
    1 ( partie antérieure) l'avant the front; tout l'avant du véhicule est à refaire the whole of the front of the vehicle will have to be repaired; à l'avant in (the) front; à l'avant du train [passager, locomotive] at the front of the train; à l'avant du bateau at the front of the boat; d'avant en arrière backward(s) and forward(s); aller de l'avant to forge ahead; aller de l'avant dans ses projets to forge ahead with one's plans; c'est une femme qui va de l'avant she's very go-ahead;
    2 Sport forward; la ligne des avants gén the forward line; ( au rugby) the front line.
    [avɑ̃] préposition
    1. [dans le temps] before
    il est arrivé avant la nuit/le dîner he arrived before nightfall/dinner
    avant son élection prior to her election, before being elected
    peu avant les élections a short while ou time before the elections
    2. [dans l'espace] before
    3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie] before
    vous êtes avant moi [dans une file d'attente] you're before me
    ————————
    [avɑ̃] adverbe
    1. [dans le temps] before
    avant, j'avais plus de patience avec les enfants I used to be more patient with children
    quand j'ai un rendez-vous, j'aime arriver un peu avant when I'm due to meet someone, I like to get there a little ahead of time
    bien ou longtemps avant well ou long before
    discuter/lire bien avant dans la nuit to talk/to read late into the night
    2. [dans l'espace]
    sans entrer ou aller plus avant dans les détails without going into any further ou more detail
    3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie]
    ————————
    [avɑ̃] adjectif invariable
    [saut périlleux, roulade] forward
    [roue, siège, partie] front
    ————————
    [avɑ̃] nom masculin
    1. [d'un véhicule] front
    aller de l'avant (sens propre & figuré) to forge ahead
    [au volley] frontline player
    jouer avant droit/gauche to play right/left forward
    la ligne des avants, les avants the forward line, the forwards
    ————————
    avant de locution prépositionnelle
    avant de partir, il faudra... before leaving, it'll be necessary to...
    ————————
    avant que locution conjonctive
    avant qu'il comprenne, celui-là! by the time he's understood!
    ————————
    avant que de locution prépositionnelle
    ————————
    avant tout locution adverbiale
    1. [surtout]
    2. [tout d'abord] first
    avant tout, je voudrais vous dire ceci first (and foremost), I'd like to tell you this
    avant toute chose locution adverbiale
    avant toute chose, je vais prendre une douche I'll have a shower before I do anything else
    ————————
    d'avant locution adjectivale
    le jour/le mois d'avant the previous day/month, the day/month before
    en avant locution adverbiale
    [marcher] in front
    [partir] ahead
    [se pencher, tomber, bondir] forward
    en avant, marche! MILITAIRE forward march!
    a. [pour se protéger] to use somebody as a shield
    b. [pour le faire valoir] to push somebody forward ou to the front
    en avant de locution prépositionnelle

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > avant

  • 14 blame

    A n
    1 ( responsibility) responsabilité f (for de) ; to accept/share the blame accepter/partager la responsabilité ; to take the blame, to bear the blame sout prendre or assumer la responsabilité ; to put ou place ou lay the blame for sth on sb attribuer la responsabilité de qch à qn ; the blame lies with the government la faute en revient au gouvernement ; don't put the blame on me ne m'accuse pas ; he got the blame for the broken vase/for leaking the information on l'a accusé d'avoir cassé le vase/d'avoir divulgué l'information ; why do I always get the blame? pourquoi est-ce toujours moi qu'on accuse? ; she did it but I got the blame c'est elle qui l'a fait mais c'est moi qui ai payé les pots cassés ○ ;
    2 ( criticism) reproches mpl ; to deserve some of the blame mériter des reproches ; to be free from blame n'avoir rien à se reprocher ; without blame irréprochable.
    B vtr en vouloir à [person, group] ; accuser [weather, recession, system] ; she has always blamed me elle m'en a toujours voulu ; he has resigned and who can blame him? il a démissionné et on ne peut pas lui en vouloir ; to blame sb for sth reprocher qch à qn ; I blamed her for the accident je lui ai reproché l'accident ; to blame sth on sb attribuer la responsabilité de qch à qn ; she blamed her tiredness on the heat elle a mis sa fatigue sur le compte de la chaleur ; to be to blame for être responsable de [accident, crisis, problem].
    C v refl to blame oneself s'en vouloir ; to blame oneself for se sentir responsable de [tragedy, outcome] ; you mustn't blame yourself tu n'as rien à te reprocher ; you've only yourself to blame tu ne peux t'en prendre qu'à toi-même.

    Big English-French dictionary > blame

  • 15 conforme

    adj.
    1 in agreement.
    si no estás conforme, protesta if you don't agree, say so
    2 happy (contento).
    3 agreeable, accordant, conformable, agreeing.
    Se me pasó el dolor My pain went away from me.
    adv.
    conforme envejecía as he got older
    2 exactly as (como).
    te lo cuento conforme lo vi I'm telling you exactly what I saw
    3 as soon as.
    conforme amanezca, me iré I'll leave as soon as it gets light
    conj.
    as.
    prep.
    in accordance with.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: conformar.
    * * *
    1 (satisfecho) satisfied
    2 (de acuerdo) in accordance with, in keeping with
    3 (resignado) resigned
    1 (según, como) as
    2 (en cuanto) as soon as
    1 approval, agreement
    1 all right!
    \
    conforme a in accordance with, according to
    estar conforme to agree
    quedar conforme to agree
    * * *
    1. conj.
    as
    2. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=satisfecho)

    ¿conforme? — (are we) agreed?

    ¡conforme! — agreed!, all right!

    he revisado el contrato, está todo conforme — I've gone over the contract, everything is in order

    • estar conforme con algo/algn — to be happy o satisfied with sth/sb

    no está conforme con el precio — he's not happy o satisfied with the price

    • estar conforme en que — to agree that

    todos se mostraron conformes en que había que buscar otra solución — everyone agreed o was agreed that another solution had to be found

    todos están conformes en apoyar esta propuesta — everyone agrees o is agreed that we should support this proposal

    • quedarse conforme, no se quedó conforme con la propina — he wasn't happy o satisfied with the tip

    2)

    • conforme con — (=correspondiente a) consistent with

    3)

    • conforme a — (=según) according to

    serán juzgados conforme a las leyes libanesas — they will be tried under Lebanese law, they will be tried according to Lebanese law

    actuaron conforme a las instrucciones que les dieron — they acted in accordance with the instructions they received, they acted according to instructions

    derecho 3., 1)
    2. CONJ
    1) (=como) as
    2) (=a medida que) as

    conforme entraban, se iban sentando — as they came in, they sat down

    conforme avanza el verano aumenta el calor — as summer progresses, the heat increases

    conforme subes la calle, a mano derecha — on the right as you go up the street

    3.
    SM (=aprobación) approval, authorization

    dar o poner el conforme — to authorize

    * * *
    I
    1) [estar]
    a) ( satisfecho) satisfied, happy

    conforme con algo/alguien — satisfied o happy with something/somebody

    conforme! — agreed!, fine!

    entonces, ¿estamos conformes? — are we agreed, then?

    conforme con algo: eso no está conforme con mis ideas that doesn't fit in with my ideas; esto está conforme con la línea del partido — this is in keeping with the party line

    c) ( en regla) in order

    confirmé el vuelo, está todo conforme — I confirmed the flight, everything is in order

    2)

    conforme a — (frml) according to, in accordance with (frml)

    II
    masculino written authorization

    dar or poner el conforme a algo — to authorize something ( by signing it)

    III

    conforme se entra, está a mano izquierda — it's on the left as you go in

    * * *
    I
    1) [estar]
    a) ( satisfecho) satisfied, happy

    conforme con algo/alguien — satisfied o happy with something/somebody

    conforme! — agreed!, fine!

    entonces, ¿estamos conformes? — are we agreed, then?

    conforme con algo: eso no está conforme con mis ideas that doesn't fit in with my ideas; esto está conforme con la línea del partido — this is in keeping with the party line

    c) ( en regla) in order

    confirmé el vuelo, está todo conforme — I confirmed the flight, everything is in order

    2)

    conforme a — (frml) according to, in accordance with (frml)

    II
    masculino written authorization

    dar or poner el conforme a algo — to authorize something ( by signing it)

    III

    conforme se entra, está a mano izquierda — it's on the left as you go in

    * * *
    conforme1
    1 = approval, consent.

    Ex: A number of more unusual arrangements have been tried, but none have met with wide approval.

    Ex: Subject to the consent of the original author every thesis should be available for loan.

    conforme2

    Ex: He is seldom happy, never satisfied, temperamental, stubborn; his behavior at times can be charitably characterized as erratic.

    conforme3
    = as.

    Ex: As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.

    * conforme a = pursuant to, in conformity with.
    * conforme a lo que = as far as + Sujeto + Verbo.
    * conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + nacer = at birth.
    * conforme + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * conforme + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * conforme + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

    * * *
    A
    1 (satisfecho, contento) satisfied, happy
    ¡conforme! agreed!, fine!
    conforme CON algo/algn satisfied o happy WITH sth/sb
    no está conforme con el sueldo he is not satisfied o happy with his salary
    no se quedó muy conforme con el regalo she wasn't very happy with the present
    2 (en regla) in order
    ya he confirmado el vuelo, está todo conforme I have already confirmed the flight, everything is in order
    conforme CON algo/algn:
    eso no está conforme con mis ideas that doesn't fit in with o coincide with my ideas
    eso no está conforme con la línea del partido that is not in keeping with the party line
    están conformes con el gobierno they are in agreement with o they agree with the government
    B
    conforme a ( frml); according to, in accordance with ( frml)
    sucedió conforme a lo previsto it happened in accordance with forecasts, it happened as predicted
    se pagará conforme al trabajo realizado payment will be in accordance with the amount of work done
    conforme a derecho in accordance with the law
    written authorization
    dar or poner el conforme a una orden/un documento to authorize an order/document ( by signing it)
    as
    conforme se entra, está a mano izquierda as you go in, it is on the left
    ve ordenándolos conforme te los voy dando put them in order as I give them to you
    recojan los abrigos conforme vayan saliendo collect your coats as you go out o on your way out
    * * *

     

    Del verbo conformar: ( conjugate conformar)

    conformé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    conforme es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    conformar    
    conforme
    conformar ( conjugate conformar) verbo transitivo


    conformarse verbo pronominal
    a) ( contentarse) conformese con algo to be satisfied with sth;


    tuvo que conformese con lo que tenía he had to make do with what he had
    b) (esp AmL) ( resignarse):

    ◊ no tienes más remedio que conformete you'll just have to accept it o to resign yourself to it;

    no se puede conforme she can't get over it
    conforme adjetivo [estar]

    conforme con algo/algn satisfied o happy with sth/sb
    b) ( de acuerdo):

    ◊ ¡conforme! agreed!, fine!;

    estoy conforme en que se haga así I agree that it should be done like that;
    conforme a algo in accordance with sth (frml)

    ■ conjunción
    as;
    ◊ conforme se entra, está a mano izquierda it's on the left as you go in

    conformar verbo transitivo to shape: está conformando la arcilla, she's molding the clay
    conforme
    I adjetivo
    1 (de acuerdo) conforme, agreed, all right
    no estamos conformes, we don't agree
    2 (satisfecho) satisfied
    II adverbio
    1 (según, del mismo modo) as: dejé todo conforme estaba, I left things as they were
    2 (a medida que) as: conforme lo escuchaba me daba cuenta que estaba loco, as I listened to him I realized he was mad
    ♦ Locuciones: conforme a, in accordance o keeping with

    ' conforme' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    satisfecha
    - satisfecho
    - sufrida
    - sufrido
    - alguno
    English:
    agreeable
    - compliance
    - line
    - roger
    - under
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [acorde]
    conforme a in accordance with;
    conforme al reglamento in accordance with the rules;
    el juez dictaminó que la decisión era conforme a la ley the judge ruled that the decision was in accordance with the law
    2. [de acuerdo] in agreement, happy;
    estar conforme con algo/alguien to be happy with sth/sb;
    si no estás conforme, protesta if you don't agree, say so, if you're not happy, say so;
    estoy conforme en que vengas, pero no llegues tarde I'm happy for you to come o it's all right by me if you come, but don't be late
    3. [contento] happy;
    no estoy muy conforme con la reparación efectuada I'm not very happy with the repair they did
    ♦ adv
    1. [a medida que] as;
    conforme envejecía as he got older
    2. [como] exactly as;
    te lo cuento conforme lo vi I'm telling you exactly what I saw
    3. [en cuanto] as soon as;
    conforme amanezca, me iré I'll leave as soon as it gets light
    ♦ nm
    authorization;
    todavía no ha dado su conforme he hasn't authorized it yet
    * * *
    I adj
    1 satisfied ( con with)
    2
    :
    ¡conforme! agreed!;
    estar conforme con agree with
    3
    :
    ser conforme a comply with
    II prp
    :
    conforme a in accordance with
    III conj as
    * * *
    1) : content, satisfied
    2)
    conforme a : in accordance with
    conforme conj
    : as
    entreguen sus tareas conforme vayan saliendo: hand in your homework as you leave
    * * *
    conforme1 adj
    1. (satisfecho) satisfied / happy [comp. happier; superl. happiest]
    conforme a in keeping with / in accordance with
    conforme va llegando el día de la boda, más nerviosa estoy I get more and more nervous as the day of the wedding gets nearer

    Spanish-English dictionary > conforme

  • 16 Percy, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 23 March 1817 Nottingham, England
    d. 19 June 1889 London, England
    [br]
    English metallurgist, first Professor of Metallurgy at the School of Mines, London.
    [br]
    After a private education, Percy went to Paris in 1834 to study medicine and to attend lectures on chemistry by Gay-Lussac and Thenard. After 1838 he studied medicine at Edinburgh, obtaining his MD in 1839. In that year he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Queen's College, Birmingham, moving to Queen's Hospital at Birmingham in 1843. During his time at Birmingham, Percy became well known for his analysis of blast furnace slags, and was involved in the manufacture of optical glass. On 7 June 1851 Percy was appointed Metallurgical Professor and Teacher at the Museum of Practical Geology established in Jermyn Street, London, and opened in May 1851. In November of 1851, when the Museum became the Government (later Royal) School of Mines, Percy was appointed Lecturer in Metallurgy. In addition to his work at Jermyn Street, Percy lectured on metallurgy to the Advanced Class of Artillery at Woolwich from 1864 until his death, and from 1866 he was Superintendent of Ventilation at the Houses of Parliament. He served from 1861 to 1864 on the Special Committee on Iron set up to examine the performance of armour-plate in relation to its purity, composition and structure.
    Percy is best known for his metallurgical text books, published by John Murray. Volume I of Metallurgy, published in 1861, dealt with fuels, fireclays, copper, zinc and brass; Volume II, in 1864, dealt with iron and steel; a volume on lead appeared in 1870, followed by one on fuels and refractories in 1875, and the first volume on gold and silver in 1880. Further projected volumes on iron and steel, noble metals, and on copper, did not materialize. In 1879 Percy resigned from his School of Mines appointment in protest at the proposed move from Jermyn Street to South Kensington. The rapid growth of Percy's metallurgical collection, started in 1839, eventually forced him to move to a larger house. After his death, the collection was bought by the South Kensington (later Science) Museum. Now comprising 3,709 items, it provides a comprehensive if unselective record of nineteenth-century metallurgy, the most interesting specimens being those of the first sodium-reduced aluminium made in Britain and some of the first steel produced by Bessemer in Baxter House. Metallurgy for Percy was a technique of chemical extraction, and he has been criticized for basing his system of metallurgical instruction on this assumption. He stood strangely aloof from new processes of steel making such as that of Gilchrist and Thomas, and tended to neglect early developments in physical metallurgy, but he was the first in Britain to teach metallurgy as a discipline in its own right.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1847. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1885, 1886.
    Bibliography
    1861–80, Metallurgy, 5 vols, London: John Murray.
    Further Reading
    S.J.Cackett, 1989, "Dr Percy and his metallurgical collection", Journal of the Hist. Met. Society 23(2):92–8.
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Percy, John

  • 17 destrozo

    m.
    1 damage.
    alguien tendrá que pagar los destrozos someone will have to pay for the damage
    2 destruction, desolation, rout, ravage.
    3 breakage, damage, wreckage.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: destrozar.
    * * *
    1 (acción) destruction
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=acción) destruction
    2) pl destrozos (=daños) havoc sing ; (=pedazos) debris sing

    causar o provocar destrozos — to cause o wreak havoc (en in)

    los destrozos causados por las inundaciones — the destruction caused by the flooding, the havoc wrought by the floods

    * * *
    * * *
    = defacement, smashing, ravages, rampage, decimation, rack and ruin, shambles.
    Ex. Finally, a few copies of an edition seem generally to have slipped through with their cancellanda uncancelled, so that examples of the original settings may sometimes be found (occasionally slashed by the warehouse keeper's shears, deliberate defacement which escaped notice).
    Ex. The traditional sacred silence has even been replaced by a wonderful and imaginative smashing of the 'sound barrier' between silent print and the world of activity.
    Ex. Problems faced maybe entirely new ones, such as protecting the library's stock from the ravages of climate or of insects.
    Ex. These nocturnal rampages by gangs of werewolves included chasing women, eating prodigiously, being splattered with mud, and caterwauling generally.
    Ex. Over the past decades librarians have been variously outraged and resigned to budget cuts and spiralling prices, leading to the decimation of their holdings.
    Ex. The policies that the Mugabe government have taken have lead the country to economic and political rack and ruin.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'From shambles to showplace'.
    ----
    * causar destrozos = wreak + devastation.
    * destrozo intencionado = mutilation.
    * destrozo producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.
    * * *
    * * *
    = defacement, smashing, ravages, rampage, decimation, rack and ruin, shambles.

    Ex: Finally, a few copies of an edition seem generally to have slipped through with their cancellanda uncancelled, so that examples of the original settings may sometimes be found (occasionally slashed by the warehouse keeper's shears, deliberate defacement which escaped notice).

    Ex: The traditional sacred silence has even been replaced by a wonderful and imaginative smashing of the 'sound barrier' between silent print and the world of activity.
    Ex: Problems faced maybe entirely new ones, such as protecting the library's stock from the ravages of climate or of insects.
    Ex: These nocturnal rampages by gangs of werewolves included chasing women, eating prodigiously, being splattered with mud, and caterwauling generally.
    Ex: Over the past decades librarians have been variously outraged and resigned to budget cuts and spiralling prices, leading to the decimation of their holdings.
    Ex: The policies that the Mugabe government have taken have lead the country to economic and political rack and ruin.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'From shambles to showplace'.
    * causar destrozos = wreak + devastation.
    * destrozo intencionado = mutilation.
    * destrozo producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.

    * * *
    las inundaciones han causado grandes destrozos en toda la zona the floods have caused widespread damage throughout the area
    los destrozos causados por el temporal the storm damage, the destruction caused by the storm
    los niños hacen destrozos cuando los dejo solos the children wreck everything o cause havoc if I leave them on their own
    * * *

    Del verbo destrozar: ( conjugate destrozar)

    destrozo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    destrozó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    destrozar    
    destrozo
    destrozar ( conjugate destrozar) verbo transitivo
    a) (romper, deteriorar) ‹ zapatos› to ruin;

    ‹cristal/jarrón› to smash;
    ‹ juguete› to pull … apart;
    ‹ coche› to wreck;
    ‹ libro› to pull apart
    b) ‹felicidad/matrimonio/vida› to wreck, destroy;

    ‹ corazón› to break;

    destrozarse verbo pronominal

    [jarrón/cristal] to smash
    b) ‹estómago/hígado› to ruin

    destrozo sustantivo masculino: tb

    destrozar verbo transitivo
    1 (romper) to tear up, wreck, ruin
    2 (una tela, un papel) to tear to shreds, rip up
    3 (apenar, desgarrar) to shatter, devastate: me destroza verte así, it breaks my heart to see you this way
    4 (los planes, la convivencia, etc) to ruin
    destrozo sustantivo masculino
    1 destruction 2 destrozos, damage sing

    ' destrozo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    carnicería
    - estragos
    - daño
    * * *
    damage;
    alguien tendrá que pagar los destrozos someone will have to pay for the damage;
    causar u [m5] ocasionar o [m5] provocar grandes destrozos to cause a lot of damage;
    el perro y el gato hicieron un destrozo en el jardín the dog and the cat caused havoc in the garden;
    ¡vaya destrozo que te has hecho en la rodilla! you've made a real mess of your knee!
    * * *
    1) daño: damage
    2) : havoc, destruction

    Spanish-English dictionary > destrozo

  • 18 בטל I

    בָּטֵלI (b. h.; v. בטי) ( to be hollow); 1) to be void, abolished, suspended; to cease to exist. Keth.103b בָּטְלָה קדושה sanctity of life ceased; (oth. opin.: the levitical law concerning the contact with a corpse was suspended in favor of Rabbi; v. Tosaf. a. l.. Ab. V, 16 ב׳ דבר בְּטֵלָהוכ׳ as soon as the (sensual) attraction disappears, love will disappear. Ib. 21 as if dead ועבר וב׳ מן העולם and passed away and disappeared from this world. Y.Meg.I, 70d top, a. e. בטלה מגלת תענית the Scroll of Fasts has been abolished (the festive commemorations enumerated therein are no more observed). Sot.IX, 9 (47a); a. fr. 2) to rest from labor, be at ease, be idle. Ab. IV, 10 אם בָּטַלְתָּ מןוכ׳ if thou choosest not to study the law, there will be many disturbances (excuses) to assist thee. Ib. I, 5 בּוֹטֵל מד׳׳ת he neglects the study of the Law; a. fr. Nif. נִבְטַל 1) to be abolished, suspended. Y.Meg.I, 70d bot. עתידין לִיבָּטֵל (= לְהִיבָּטֵל) shall in future be abolished (neglected). Gitt.32a, v. infra. 2) to be excused, be exempt, Ib. II, 16 thou art not a free man להִבָּטֵל ממנה so as to be exempt from lifes duties. 3) to remain single. Gitt.IV, 5 (41b) יִבָּטֵל shall he never marry? Pi. בִּיטֵּל, בִּטֵּל 1) to abolish, suspend, cancel, undo, neglect. Ab. II, 4 בַּטֵּל רצונךוכ׳ set aside thy will for the sake of the Lords will, in order that He may set aside the will of others (euphem. for His will) for the sake of thy will (withdraw evil decrees at thy prayer). Ib. IV, 9 המְבַטֵּלוכ׳ he who neglects the study of the Law on account of his wealth. Sot.IX, 10 (47a) אף הוא בִּטֵּל את המעוררין he also abolished (the custom of) the wakers, v. עָרַר. Sabb.63a מְבַטְּלָהּ he (the observer of the Law) will cancel it (avert Gods evil decree). Mekh. Bshall., Amalek, 2, v. אִיפָּטִיקוֹס. Macc.24a. Ab. Zar. IV, 7 למה מְבַטְּלָהּ why does He not destroy it (the objects of idol worship)?Gitt.IV, 1 שוב אינו יכול לבַטְּלוֹ he can no longer annul it (his letter of divorce). Ib. 2 in former times a man could summon a court in a strange place ובִּטְּלוֹ and declare it (the letter of divorce which he had sent off) void. Ib. 32b אתי דיבור ומבטל דיבור a word (declaration) comes and cancels a word.Ab. Zar.IV, 4 (42b) an idolator (gentile) מבטל אליל שלווכ׳ may (by mutilation) cancel his own or his neigbors idol (so that it is no longer subject to the law forbidding Jews to derive any benefits from idolatrous paraphernalia), but an Israelite cannot Ib. המב׳ אליל ב׳וכ׳ in cancelling an idol, one has at the same time cancelled its attachments; a. fr.ב׳ רשות to resign possession, a legal fiction by which the carrying of objects on the Sabbath from ones own place to one common to several persons, may be permitted. Erub.VI, 7 מְבַטֵּל את רשותו he (the brother who forgot to lay the Erub, v. עֵירוּב) must resign his share in the common property. Ib. 68b מבטלין ותוזרין ומב׳ you may resign your share to your neighbor, and then he may resign to you; a. fr.ב׳ חמץ to renounce (by declaration) the possession of anything leavened that may have remained undiscovered in ones possession. Pes.6b הבודק צריך שיְבַטֵּל after one has searched the house for leavened things, he most renounce (whatever he may have failed to find); a. fr.Part. pass. מְבוּטָּל, f. מְבוּטֶּלֶת. Erub.69b רשותי מב׳ לך my possession be resigned to thee (for Sabbath purposes). Gitt.32a if a recipient says, מתנה זו מב׳ ‘this donation be void, תִּיבָּטֵל ‘shall be void, opp. to בְּטֵלָה היא ‘is a void one, i. e. has been annulled.Eduy. I, 5; Gitt36b, a. fr. אין ב׳׳ד יכול לבַ׳וכ׳ no court can repeal (overrule) the decisions of another court, unless 2) to neutralize an admixture of forbidden food in a certain quantity. Ḥull.108a ושאינו מינו … ומבטלו and the portion of the mixture which is not its kind is prevailing and neutralizes the forbidden portion (as if did not exist at all); a. fr. 3) to disturb, cause suspense, interfere with. Erub.63b; Meg.3a בִּיטַּלְתֶּםוכ׳ ye interfered with the daily offering; a. fr.Ber.II, 5 לבטל ממניוכ׳ to suspend (shake off) the yoke of heavenly government even one minute. Hif. הִבְטִיל to cause interruption, to order suspension. Succ.V, 5 להַבְטִיל את העםוכ׳ to cause the people to cease working. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְבַּטֵּל, נִתְבַּטֵּל to be interrupted, v. Nif.Tan. dbe El. I, 5; II, 3.

    Jewish literature > בטל I

  • 19 בָּטֵל

    בָּטֵלI (b. h.; v. בטי) ( to be hollow); 1) to be void, abolished, suspended; to cease to exist. Keth.103b בָּטְלָה קדושה sanctity of life ceased; (oth. opin.: the levitical law concerning the contact with a corpse was suspended in favor of Rabbi; v. Tosaf. a. l.. Ab. V, 16 ב׳ דבר בְּטֵלָהוכ׳ as soon as the (sensual) attraction disappears, love will disappear. Ib. 21 as if dead ועבר וב׳ מן העולם and passed away and disappeared from this world. Y.Meg.I, 70d top, a. e. בטלה מגלת תענית the Scroll of Fasts has been abolished (the festive commemorations enumerated therein are no more observed). Sot.IX, 9 (47a); a. fr. 2) to rest from labor, be at ease, be idle. Ab. IV, 10 אם בָּטַלְתָּ מןוכ׳ if thou choosest not to study the law, there will be many disturbances (excuses) to assist thee. Ib. I, 5 בּוֹטֵל מד׳׳ת he neglects the study of the Law; a. fr. Nif. נִבְטַל 1) to be abolished, suspended. Y.Meg.I, 70d bot. עתידין לִיבָּטֵל (= לְהִיבָּטֵל) shall in future be abolished (neglected). Gitt.32a, v. infra. 2) to be excused, be exempt, Ib. II, 16 thou art not a free man להִבָּטֵל ממנה so as to be exempt from lifes duties. 3) to remain single. Gitt.IV, 5 (41b) יִבָּטֵל shall he never marry? Pi. בִּיטֵּל, בִּטֵּל 1) to abolish, suspend, cancel, undo, neglect. Ab. II, 4 בַּטֵּל רצונךוכ׳ set aside thy will for the sake of the Lords will, in order that He may set aside the will of others (euphem. for His will) for the sake of thy will (withdraw evil decrees at thy prayer). Ib. IV, 9 המְבַטֵּלוכ׳ he who neglects the study of the Law on account of his wealth. Sot.IX, 10 (47a) אף הוא בִּטֵּל את המעוררין he also abolished (the custom of) the wakers, v. עָרַר. Sabb.63a מְבַטְּלָהּ he (the observer of the Law) will cancel it (avert Gods evil decree). Mekh. Bshall., Amalek, 2, v. אִיפָּטִיקוֹס. Macc.24a. Ab. Zar. IV, 7 למה מְבַטְּלָהּ why does He not destroy it (the objects of idol worship)?Gitt.IV, 1 שוב אינו יכול לבַטְּלוֹ he can no longer annul it (his letter of divorce). Ib. 2 in former times a man could summon a court in a strange place ובִּטְּלוֹ and declare it (the letter of divorce which he had sent off) void. Ib. 32b אתי דיבור ומבטל דיבור a word (declaration) comes and cancels a word.Ab. Zar.IV, 4 (42b) an idolator (gentile) מבטל אליל שלווכ׳ may (by mutilation) cancel his own or his neigbors idol (so that it is no longer subject to the law forbidding Jews to derive any benefits from idolatrous paraphernalia), but an Israelite cannot Ib. המב׳ אליל ב׳וכ׳ in cancelling an idol, one has at the same time cancelled its attachments; a. fr.ב׳ רשות to resign possession, a legal fiction by which the carrying of objects on the Sabbath from ones own place to one common to several persons, may be permitted. Erub.VI, 7 מְבַטֵּל את רשותו he (the brother who forgot to lay the Erub, v. עֵירוּב) must resign his share in the common property. Ib. 68b מבטלין ותוזרין ומב׳ you may resign your share to your neighbor, and then he may resign to you; a. fr.ב׳ חמץ to renounce (by declaration) the possession of anything leavened that may have remained undiscovered in ones possession. Pes.6b הבודק צריך שיְבַטֵּל after one has searched the house for leavened things, he most renounce (whatever he may have failed to find); a. fr.Part. pass. מְבוּטָּל, f. מְבוּטֶּלֶת. Erub.69b רשותי מב׳ לך my possession be resigned to thee (for Sabbath purposes). Gitt.32a if a recipient says, מתנה זו מב׳ ‘this donation be void, תִּיבָּטֵל ‘shall be void, opp. to בְּטֵלָה היא ‘is a void one, i. e. has been annulled.Eduy. I, 5; Gitt36b, a. fr. אין ב׳׳ד יכול לבַ׳וכ׳ no court can repeal (overrule) the decisions of another court, unless 2) to neutralize an admixture of forbidden food in a certain quantity. Ḥull.108a ושאינו מינו … ומבטלו and the portion of the mixture which is not its kind is prevailing and neutralizes the forbidden portion (as if did not exist at all); a. fr. 3) to disturb, cause suspense, interfere with. Erub.63b; Meg.3a בִּיטַּלְתֶּםוכ׳ ye interfered with the daily offering; a. fr.Ber.II, 5 לבטל ממניוכ׳ to suspend (shake off) the yoke of heavenly government even one minute. Hif. הִבְטִיל to cause interruption, to order suspension. Succ.V, 5 להַבְטִיל את העםוכ׳ to cause the people to cease working. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְבַּטֵּל, נִתְבַּטֵּל to be interrupted, v. Nif.Tan. dbe El. I, 5; II, 3.

    Jewish literature > בָּטֵל

  • 20 frustrate

    •• frustration, frustrate, frustrating

    •• Frustrate prevent somebody from doing something; prevent somebody’s plans from being carried out (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Кто-то неплохо сказал: странно, что в русском языке нет слова для описания этого чувства, ведь испытываешь его в России на каждом шагу. Добавлю: в том числе, когда приходится переводить английские предложения со словом frustration. Чем тут помочь? Профессиональные психологи не стали мучиться, а заимствовали это понятие; они говорят о фрустрации, фрустрированности. Переводчик не всегда может позволить себе такую роскошь – его просто не поймут (в прямом и переносном смысле). В зависимости от контекста frustration и frustrate (например, во фразе I get increasingly frustrated) можно переводить при помощи самых разных слов. Тут и отчаяние, и раздражение, и разочарование, и безвыходное положение, и досада, и озлобленность, и чувство безысходности, бессилия, и многое другое. Главное – проникнуться глубинной семантикой этого слова (ощущение невозможности что-либо сделать, чтобы изменить положение к лучшему), почувствовать его «внутренний образ». Может быть, для этого достаточно пожить месяц-другой в условиях нашего быта (или просто постоять в очереди на паспортный контроль в аэропорту).
    •• Несколько примеров:
    •• 1. [English] spelling and pronunciation are capricious and frustrating for non-native speakers (Time). Возможный перевод: ...невероятно трудны для иностранцев (приводят иностранцев в отчаянье);
    •• 2....the venom with which he was attacked may be attributed to their frustrated rage (J.H. Plumb). – ...возможно, был следствием их бессильной ярости;
    •• 3. Post-war Britain was a frustration to the advertising man (E.S. Turner). – В послевоенной Великобритании мастеров рекламы подстерегали сплошные разочарования;
    •• 4. Last August, Walter’s predecessor, Alex Mandl, resigned after a six-month tenure, similarly frustrated in his quest to become CEO (Time). – ...ушел в отставку, проработав на своем посту шесть месяцев, и тоже не сумев занять место первого руководителя;
    •• 5. Lippmann correctly foretold the frustrations of an essentially reactionary foreign policy based on containment (Henry Kissinger). В этом интересном примере frustrations можно перевести как тупики. В другом примере из того же автора перевод слова frustration облегчается глаголом, который «подсказывает» конкретизацию (конкретизация и генерализация – два великих помощника переводчика, особенно устного, и обращаться к их услугам надо тем смелее, чем меньше времени у вас на размышления): Nixon inherited a society rent by frustration. – Никсон унаследовал общество, раздираемое противоречиями.
    •• * Изучение бездонного в смысле переводческих проблем слова frustration может идти по двум линиям: во-первых, можно до бесконечности множить примеры контекстуального перевода, что по-своему поучительно. Во-вторых, можно попытаться выделить некое достаточно аморфное смысловое ядро, помогающее в поисках перевода, – при недостатке времени оно может выручить переводчика как компромиссный запасной вариант.
    •• Попытки выделить его глубинный смысл не всегда удачны. Так, например, автор замечательной колонки в газете Moscow Times Мишель Берди (Michele A. Berdy), рассуждая о том, почему это слово не имеет однозначного соответствия в русском языке, пишет:
    •• Here’s my theory: Frustration in the Western sense of irritation over relatively petty and minor annoyances doesn’t exist here [in Russia].
    •• Мне кажется, что такая трактовка этого слова подтверждается далеко не всегда.Вот лишь один пример, где frustration относится отнюдь не к мелким тяготам жизни:
    •• As the United Nations mourned its dead, including its respected chief Iraq representative, Sergio Vieira de Mello, Annan voiced frustration with the lack of security and the failure of the U.S.-led occupation powers to anticipate the dangers and hardships of Iraq after Saddam Hussein’s government fell. (Washington Post)
    •• Здесь frustration, конечно, не раздражение, а крайнее недовольство. Недовольство удачно характеризует реакцию субъекта и в следующих предложениях:
    •• Finally, it would bring to an end the ability of governments throughout the region to divert their peoples’ frustration about their own governing failures toward hatred of the United States for its unwillingness to move Israel. (Washington Post) - И, наконец, правительства стран региона уже не смогут переключать внимание своих народов, недовольных/возмущенных провалами их политики, на Соединенные Штаты, обвиняемые в нежелании надавить на Израиль.
    •• Mr. Wolfowitz, meanwhile, expressed frustration with reports on Iraq from Arab news media that he said had inflamed opinion against the American presence.
    •• Здесь – недовольство освещением иракской тематики в арабских СМИ.
    •• Часто хорошими контекстуальными вариантами могут стать слова, трудные для перевода c русского языка. К числу таких слов А. Шмелев в своей книге справедливо относит слово обида ( обидный). Мне кажется, оно хорошо подойдет в переводе следующей фразы из New York Times:
    •• An article yesterday on the frustrations of Hans Blix, the retiring chief weapons inspector for the United Nations, misstated his age.
    •• Есть, по-моему, в этой фразе щепотка иронии, и перевод вчерашняя статья об обидах Ханса Бликса... может быть воспринят таким же образом.
    •• А вот переводческая задачка, связанная со словом frustratingly:
    •• Mr Blair said that the parties to the Northern Ireland political process were “ frustratingly close” to an agreement but had yet to finalise a deal. (BBC)
    •• Мне кажется, что здесь напрашивается перевод до обидного близки к договоренности. Здесь опять-таки тот случай – кстати, не такой уж редкий, – когда труднопереводимое слово одного языка удачно подходит для перевода трудного, хотя по своему содержанию на первый взгляд довольно далекого от него слова из другого языка. Это еще одно подтверждение того, что в словарях, претендующих на полноту и ориентированных на переводчиков, наречия должны в ряде случаев рассматриваться отдельно (см. также слово historically).
    •• Забавное слово, которое, возможно, является выражением крайней степени «frustration по-русски» встретилось в одном из интервью М.С. Горбачева: Ярость, бедность, осточертелость выплеснутся.
    •• Подробнее о втором направлении поисков, на мой взгляд более интересном и плодотворном. У меня создается впечатление, что в последнее время условным смысловым ядром слова frustration (frustrating, to frustrate) можно считать понятие деморализации и близкое к нему ощущение тупика. Вот пара свежих примеров. Первый – из выступления в ООН:
    •• Where there are gaps in the criminal justice chain, the work of the police could be incomplete and frustrating.
    •• Выбор у переводчика большой, да только все варианты длинные (например, ...в работе полиции возникают изъяны, чреватые морально-психологическими последствиями/подрывом морального духа личного состава или, несколько короче, ...работа полиции может давать сбои и казаться безрезультатной/тщетной). Но, наверное, в устном переводе возможно и такое решение («палочка-выручалочка»): ...опасность сбоев и деморализации.
    •• Другой пример, из New York Times:
    •• While some Iranians still believe in their theocracy, the majority want a sweeping transformation. They do not want to be told what to think, what to wear, what to read, what to watch and how to behave, and they are frustrated by the glacial pace of change.
    •• Опять-таки выбор переводческих решений достаточно велик, но вариант «навскидку» – ...они деморализованы крайне медленными темпами перемен – пожалуй, не худший из возможных.
    •• В статье в New York Times об американских военнослужащих в Ираке читаем:
    •• Our exhausted and frustrated soldiers are in a hideously difficult environment they’re not familiar with, dealing with a culture America only dimly understands.
    •• Пожалуй, лучший вариант по-русски:
    •• Наши измотанные и деморализованные солдаты...
    •• Одна из возможных стратегий перевода слова frustration – перенос акцента с эмоционального состояния человека на причину или результат этого состояния. Например, когда человек is frustrated, то он обычно – что вполне естественно – крайне недоволен этим. Поэтому фраза из статьи в Washington Post:
    •• Part of it stemmed from his frustration with the culture of the White House
    •• вполне может быть переведена как
    •• Отчасти это было связано с его крайним недовольством порядками, царящими в Белом доме.
    •• Тот же прием буквально напрашивается и в следующем примере из статьи в New York Times о сериале Sex and the City:
    •• Last season found the fantastic foursome mired in the realities of motherhood, career frustration and heartbreak.
    •• По-русски проще всего – и вполне верно – сказать карьерные неудачи. Вместо описания состояния – его причина. В «Моем несистематическом словаре» я писал, что русское слово неудача часто бывает несколько мягче английского failure. Поэтому frustration = неудача – довольно закономерное контекстуальное соответствие.
    •• Надо, однако, согласиться, что часто это слово выражает состояние, гораздо менее сильное, чем предполагают такие русские слова, как отчаяние или безысходность (соответствия, приводимые во многих словарях). Вот фрагмент рецензии из газеты Chicago Tribune на фильм режиссера Эндрю Джареки Capturing the Friedmans:
    •• One former student describing Arnold’s basement sessions as nothing more than a boring computer class is followed by the lead investigator characterizing them as a “free-for-all.” At first this lack of resolution is frustrating, like Jaracki owes it to us to solve this case in a way that investigators and journalists couldn’t.
    •• Здесь, наверное, можно сказать отсутствие вывода/сохранение неопределенности приводит зрителя в замешательство (неплохо также ставит в тупик или вызывает раздражение).
    •• Наконец, иногда слова этого корня приходится переосмысливать полностью. Так, в начале истории с ЮКОСом в журнале Time появилась следующая характеристика поведения российского президента: Mr. Putin has remained frustratingly silent. Конечно, можно сказать к досаде..., Путин сохраняет молчание – но к чьей «досаде»? Журналистов, наблюдателей, публики? Или «ко всеобщей досаде»? Все это будет домысливанием. Так что лучше, наверное, сказать что-то вроде сохраняет загадочное/непроницаемое молчание.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > frustrate

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